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Born in Springs, Transvaal, South Africa 1921; grew up in Johannesburg.
Graduated B.A. and Diploma in Logopaedics, Speech and Hearing Therapy, University of the Witwatersrand, 1944.
Supervisor of Speech and Hearing Clinic and lecturer in Speech Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1945-47.
Studied at the George Boys School of Visual Arts, 1966-70.
Studied under Joyce Leonard, 1968.
Studied etching under Guisseppi Cataneo, 1971.
Studied etching with Liz Harrington, 1983.
Explores themes mainly concerning The Human Condition, in single works and in series using intaglio (etching, aquatint and drypoint), drawings, hand-coloured collographs, multi-media and sculpture.
1988 Galerie Salammbo, Paris, France
1983 Bullocks, Los Angeles, U.S.A.
1981 Art Dimensions, Los Angeles, U.S.A.
1975 Natal Society of Arts, Durban, South Africa
1971 Gallery International, Cape Town, South Africa
1970 Helen de Leeuw Gallery, Johannesburg, South Africa,
Natal Society of Arts, Durban, South Africa.
1998 S A Jewish Women Artists, JCC, Houston, U.S.A.
1994 International Gallery of Contemporary Printmaking, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
1993 Shaman Show, Finland,
Momentum Art, Pretoria, South Africa
1986-1994 Selected for the annual Show of Miniatures, Toronto, Canada
1973 Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, London, U.K.
1969 New Signatures exhibition, Pretoria (Drawing award)
1966 Republic Arts Festival, Pretoria, South Africa.
South African Embassy, Washington, U.S.A.
University of Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Lichtenburg Municipal Gallery, South Africa.
Jewish Board of Deputies, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Greatermans Collection, Cape Town, South Africa.
Private collections: Australia, Canada, England, France, Germany, Israel, South Africa, U.S.A.
The Collector's Guide to Art and Artists in South Africa (Cape Town, 1998)
Who's Who in International Art (Lausanne, Switzerland, 1988-95)
Dictionary of South African Painters and Sculptors (Ogilvy, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1988)
Art & Artists of South Africa (Berman, Johannesburg, South Africa, 1983)
International Whos Who of Women (Melrose Press, Cambridge, 1973)
International Whos Who in Art and Antiques (Melrose Publications, Cambridge, U.K., 1972)
Dictionary of International Biography (Cambridge, U.K., 1972)
The South African Art Market (Art Institute of South Africa, 1971-2)