GEO106S
INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY

WESTERN CAPE FIELD EXCURSION PHOTO GALLERY 2000
Bloubergstrand. Shoreline outcrops of greywacke sandstone and shale of the Malmesbury Group. View south over Table Bay towards Table Mountain (horizontal Cape Supergroup strata) Bloubergstrand. Shoreline outcrops of greywacke sandstone and shale of the Malmesbury Group. View south over Table Bay towards Table Mountain (horizontal Cape Supergroup strata)
Bloubergstrand. Shoreline outcrops of greywacke sandstone and shale of the Malmesbury Group. Bloubergstrand. Shoreline outcrops of greywacke sandstone and shale of the Malmesbury Group.
Bloubergstrand. Tight folds in thinly bedded alternating greywacke sandstone and shale, Malmesbury Group. Bloubergstrand. Red volcaniclastic shales associated with the Bloubergstrand volcanic member, Malmesbury Group.
Bloubergstrand. View north along strike along metabasalt outcrops of the Bloubergstrand volcanic member, Malmesbury Group. Bloubergstrand. Vertically elongate vescicles in metabasalt lava, Bloubergstrand volcanic member, Malmesbury Group.
Yzerfontein. View north from Gabbro Point along 16-mile beach. Yzerfontein. Coarse-grained gabbro at Gabbro Point.
Yzerfontein. Vertically dipping modal layering in the gabbro, defined by variation in plagioclase/pyroxene ratio, Gabbro Point. Yzerfontein. Porphyritic pyroxene diorite, Gabbro Point.
Yzerfontein. Porphyritic pyroxene diorite, Gabbro Point. Yzerfontein. Contact between gabbro (left) and intrusive pyroxene diorite, Gabbro Point.
Yzerfontein. Contact between gabbro (left) and intrusive pyroxene diorite, Gabbro Point. Yzerfontein.  Granite vein intruding the pyroxene diorite, Gabbro Point.
Yzerfontein. Diorite outcrops on Schaap Eiland. Yzerfontein. Diorite outcrops on Schaap Eiland.
Yzerfontein. View south from Schaap Eiland. Tsarsbank. Atlantic swells crash into the rocky western shore of Langebaan Lagoon.
Tsarsbank. Northern end of the 16-mile beach between Gabbro Point, Yzerfontein and these outcrops of Saldanha Granite Porphyry. Langebaan Lagoon. Negotiating the tidal sand flats beyond the saltmarsh boundary.
Langebaan Lagoon. Large scale dune bedding in the Pleistocene Langebaan Formation, exposed in the cliffed margin of the lagoon at Kraal Bay. Langebaan Lagoon. Large scale dune bedding exposed in the cliffed margin of the lagoon at Kraal Bay.
Langebaan Lagoon. The Preekstoel, an isolated stack separated from the cliffs forming the margin of the lagoon. Langebaan Lagoon. The class of 2000 sheltering beneath the Preekstoel.
Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Panorame view of the open pit excavated during mining of phosphate. Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Entering the quarry workings of the Chemfos open pit mine.
Langebaanweg Fossil Park. The overlying aeolian sands that covered the phosphate horizon are exposed in the sidewall of the Chemfos quarry. Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Boardwalk to the shelter covering the fossil excavation site.
Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Sieves used to separate the sand from small-scale fossil bone fragments. Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Students examining the seived fraction containing small-scale fossil bone fragments.
Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Fossil bone fragments in the sieve. Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Fossil excavation site, containing mainly Miocene/Pliocene (~5Ma) mammalian skeletal remains of extinct giraffes and bears.
Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Fossil excavation site. Langebaanweg Fossil Park. Fossil excavation site.
Langebaanweg. Fossil Park. Excavation of Miocene/Pliocene mammalian fossils in the phosphatic limestone. Langebaanweg. Fossil Park. Excavation of Miocene/Pliocene mammalian fossils in the phosphatic limestone.
Bomsgat. Mussell shell beach deposits developed in the contact zone between the Hoedjiespunt Granite (G1) in the foreground and the Saldanha Granite Porphyry (G2) at the far side of the beach. Bomsgat. Outcrops of Saldanha Granite Porphyry (G2) stretching out to sea.
Bomsgat. Preferential erosion along a major joint in the Saldanha Granite Porphyry (G2). Bomsgat. Erosion of a major joint in the Saldanha Granite Porphyry ends in a mussell shell beach and the Bomsgat Cave.
Bomsgat. The sea cave exposes the unconformity between the Hoedjiespunt Granite (G1) basement and the overlying boulder bed of the Pleistocene Velddrif Formation. Bomsgat. Plaque set in the floor of the sea cave describing the geological succession exposed in the section.
Bomsgat. Geological succession exposed in the sea cave section. Bomsgat. Phosphate cement developed in the matrix to the boulder bed at the base of the Pleistocene Velddrif Formation.
Slippers Bay. Intrusive contact between pale yellow Slippers Bay Granite (G4) and dark banded phyllites of the Malmesbury Group. Slippers Bay. Light veins of medium-fine grained granite extending from the Slippers Bay Granite (G4).
Slippers Bay. Dark banded phyllites of the Malmesbury Group. Slippers Bay. Quartz veins in the Slippers Bay Granite (G4).
Slippers Bay. Mylonitic fractures developed in the Slippers Bay Granite (G4). Slippers Bay. Plastically deformed microgranite veins in the dark Malmesbury metasediments.
Slippers Bay. Plastically deformed microgranite veins in the dark Malmesbury metasediments. Slippers Bay. Plastically deformed microgranite veins in the dark Malmesbury metasediments.
Slippers Bay. Plastically deformed microgranite veins in the dark Malmesbury metasediments. Citrusdal. Lunch in the rain!
Citrusdal. Lunch in the rain! Pakhuis Pass. Exposed glacially grooved pavement within the Pakhuis Formation.
Pakhuis Pass. Large scale glacial grooves scoured in soft sandy sediment within the Pakhuis Formation. Pakhuis Pass. Large scale glacial grooves scoured in soft sandy sediment within the Pakhuis Formation.
Pakhuis Pass. Large scale glacial grooves scoured in soft sandy sediment within the Pakhuis Formation. Pakhuis Pass. Small scale striations on sandstone, Pakhuis Formation.
Pakhuis Pass. Small scale striations on sandstone, Pakhuis Formation. Doring Valley Viewsite: The class of 2000 beside their faithfull Stormerswagon.
Doring Valley: View east from an escarpment of Nardouw sandstones across the mesa topography characteristic of the Bokkeveld Group sedimentary sequence. Doring Valley. Flat-topped mesas developed on the Bokkeveld Group shale-sandstone cycles.
Botterkloof Pass. Stepped slopes developed in the shale-sandstone cycles in the Bokkeveld Group. Botterkloof Pass. Stepped slopes developed in the shale-sandstone cycles in the Bokkeveld Group.
Niewoudtville Waterfall. Developed over Nardouw sandstones resting unconformably on Vanrhynsdorp Formation, Malmesbury Group. Hills in distance are Dwyka Tillite resting disconformably on the Nardouw Subgroup. Niewoudtville Waterfall. Developed over Nardouw sandstones resting unconformably on Vanrhynsdorp Formation, Malmesbury Group. 
Niewoudtville Waterfall. View NW downstream from the falls, with horizontal Nardouw sandstones resting unconformably on Malmesbury Group. Tulbagh. View north to the Winterhoek Mountains built from resistant sandstones of the Peninsula Formation
Tulbagh. Snow covered Winterhoek Mountains. Tulbagh. Snow-covered Groot Winterhoek Mountain in the setting sunlight.
Gydo Pass. View south over the Ceres Basin towards the Waaihoek Mountains Gydo Pass. View south into the Ceres Basin, floored by shales of the Bokkeveld Group.
Gydo Pass. View south over Ceres into Michells Pass, eroded into a large anticline of folded Peninsula Formation sandstones. Gydo Pass. View SE to the Hex River Mountains, built of resistant sandstones of the Peninsula Formation.
Karoopoort.  Transition between Bokkeveld Group (shales - smooth vegetated slopes at base) and the Witteberg Group (cliff-forming sandstones on crest). Karoopoort. Witteberg Group sandstones in distance dip north under Dwyka Formation (glacial tillite) in the foreground.
Karoopoort. Large block of glacial tillite derived from the Dwyka Formation (base of the Karoo Sequence). Hex River Pass. View SW from the N1 highway towards Matroosberg in the Hex River Mountains, built from resistant sandstones of the Peninsula Formation, Table Mountain Group.
Hex River Pass. View S from the N1 highway towards Matroosberg in the Hex River Mountains. Kogmans Kloof Pass. Contorted sandstone strata of the Nardouw Subgroup build vertical cliffs.
Kogmans Kloof Pass. Student climbers inspect the vertical sandstone beds of the Pakhuis Formation. Kogmans Kloof Pass. Foliated metasediments (phyllites) of the Malmesbury Group.
Kogmans Kloof Pass. Small scale kink folds developed in the foliated phyllites of the Malmesbury Group. Kogmans Kloof Pass. Rotated unconformity between Malmesbury Group phyllites forming the basement (right), overlain by the basal conglomerates of the Peninsula Formation, Table Mountain Group.
Kogmans Kloof Pass. Students inspect the rotated unconformity between the Malmesbury Group basement and the Cape Supergoup. Kogmans Kloof Pass. The Class of 2000.
GEO106S Class of 2000!