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BACK
POSITION
-
Director,
UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise
Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM),
Department of Human Biology, Faculty of
Health Sciencs, University of Cape Town
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Professor,
Discovery Health Chair of Exercise and
Sports Science, University of Cape Town
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Co-Founder and Executive Co-Director,
Sports Science Institute of South Africa
QUALIFICATIONS
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DSc(Med)
in Exercise Science, University of Cape
Town (2002)
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MD,
University of Cape Town (1981)
Thesis
title: Exercise and the Heart.
Effects of exercise training on coronary
artery disease, and
on myocardial function, metabolism, and
vulnerability to ventricular
fibrillation)
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MBChB,
University of Cape Town (1974)
ESSM RESEARCH GROUPS
RESEARCH INTERESTS
OTHER
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Author
of Lore of Running,
winner of the
UCT Book Award, 2003
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Author
or co-author of more than 450 scientific
publications
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On the
Editorial Boards of 13 international
scientific publications
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A1-rated
research scientist, National Research
Foundation, South Africa (highest
possible rating)
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One of the
40 most important "persons or events" in
running in the past 40 years. Runner's
World (USA) Magazine, 2005
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Recipient of
the National Foundation for Research and
Technology’s Lifetime Contribution to
Science Award in 2006
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Recipient of
the Men’s Health Best Man in Science and
Technology Award for 2006
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Awarded the
Order of Mapungubwe (Silver) in 2008 for
his excellent contribution to the field
of sports and the science of physical
exercise
CONTACT
Tel: +27 21 650 2459
Email:
Timothy.Noakes@uct.ac.za
BACK TO TOP
PUBLICATIONS
1. NOAKES
TD,
Marino FE.
Last Word on
Point:Counterpoint: Maximal oxygen uptake
is/is not limited by a central nervous
system governor. J
Appl Physiol. 2009 Jan;106(1):347.
2. Lamberts RP, Swart J, NOAKES TD,
Lambert MI.
Changes in heart rate recovery after high-intensity
training in well-trained cyclists.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2008 Dec 20. [Epub ahead of print].
3. Baron B, Deruelle F, Moullan F, Dalleau
G, Verkindt C, NOAKES TD.
The eccentric muscle loading influences the
pacing strategies during repeated downhill
sprint intervals.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2008 Dec 19.
[Epub ahead of print].
4. Edwards AM, NOAKES TD.
Dehydration: cause of fatigue
or sign of pacing in elite soccer?
Sports Med.
2009;39(1):1-13.
5. Swart J, Lamberts RP, Lambert MI, St
Clair Gibson A, Lambert EV, Skowno J,
NOAKES TD.
Exercising with reserve:
Evidence that the CNS regulates prolonged
exercise performance.
Br J Sports Med.
2008 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print].
6. Harley YX, Kohn TA, St Clair Gibson A,
NOAKES TD, Collins M.
Skeletal muscle monocarboxylate transporter
content is not different between black and
white runners. Eur
J Appl Physiol.
2008 Nov 22.
[Epub ahead of print].
7. McGarvey J, Thompson J, Hanna C,
NOAKES TD, Stewart J, Speedy D.
Sensitivity and specificity of clinical
signs for assessment of dehydration in
endurance athletes.
Br J Sports Med.
2008 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print].
8. Dugas JP, Oosthuizen U, Tucker R,
NOAKES TD.
Rates of fluid ingestion alter pacing but
not thermoregulatory responses during
prolonged exercise in hot and humid
conditions with appropriate convective
cooling. Eur J
Appl Physiol. 2009 Jan;105(1):69-80.
9. GEORGE
K., SHAVE R., OXBOROUGH D., CABLE T., DAWSON
E., ARTIS N., GAZE D., HEW-BUTLER T.,
SHARWOOD K., NOAKES T.D. Left
ventricular wall segment motion after
ultra-endurance exercise in humans assessed
by myocardial speckle tracking. Eur J
Echocardio, 2008 [Epub ahead of print]
10. SHUTTLEWORTH-EDWARDS
A.B., NOAKES T.D., RADLOFF S.,
WHITEFIELD V.J., CLARK S., ROBERTS J.C.O.,
ESSACK F., ZOCCOLA D., BOULIND M., CASE S.,
SMITH I., MITCHELL J. The comparative
incidence of reported concussions presenting
for follow-up management in South African
Rugby Union. Clin
J Sport Med. 2008 Sep;18(5):403-9.
11. ew-Butler
T, Noakes TD, Soldin SJ, Verbalis JG.
Acute changes in
endocrine and fluid balance markers during
high-intensity, steady-state, and prolonged
endurance running: unexpected increases in
oxytocin and brain natriuretic peptide
during exercise. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008
Dec;159(6):729-37. Epub 2008 Sep 15.
12. BARON
B., NOAKES T.D., DEKERLE J., MOULLAN
F., ROBIN S., MATRAN R., PELAYO P.
Why does exercise terminate
at the maximal lactate steady state
intensity? Br J
Sports Med. 2008 Oct;42(10):528-33.
13. Noakes
TD,
Marino FE.
Does a central governor
regulate maximal exercise during combined
arm and leg exercise? A rebuttal. Eur J Appl
Physiol. 2008 Nov;104(4):757-9. Epub 2008
Jul 10.
14. HEW-BUTLER
T., JORDAAN E., STUEMPFLE K.J., SPEEDY D.B.,
SIEGEL A.J., NOAKES T.D., SOLDIN S.J.,
VERBALIS J.G. Osmotic and nonosmotic
regulation of arginine vasopressin during
prolonged endurance exercise. J. Clin.
Endocrinol. Metab., Jun., 93(6): 2072-2078,
2008.
15. Hew-Butler
TD, Dugas JP, Noakes TD, Verbalis JG.
Changes in plasma arginine
vasopressin concentrations in cyclists
participating in a 109 km cycle race.
Br J Sports Med.
2008 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print].
16. NOAKES
T.D.
How did A V Hill understand the VO2max
and the “plateau phenomenon”? Still no
clarity? Br. J. Sports Med., Jul., 42(7):
574-580, 2008.
17. BELTRAMI
F., HEW-BUTLER T., NOAKES T.D.
Drinking policies and exercise-associated
hyponatraemia: Is anyone still promoting
overdrinking? Br
J Sports Med. 2008
Oct;42(10):496-501.
18. NOAKES
T.D.,
LAMBERT M., HUMAN R. Which lap is the
slowest? An analysis of 32 world record
performances. Br. J. Sprts Med., Apr., 2008
[Epub ahead of print].
19. NOAKES
T.D.
Testing for maximum oxygen consumption has
produced a brainless model of human exercise
performance. Br. J. Sports Med., Jul.,
42(7): 551-555, 2008.
20. Noakes
TD.
Viewpoint: Fatigue mechanisms
determining exercise performance:
integrative physiology is systems
physiology. J Appl
Physiol. 2008 May;104(5):1544-5.
21. Noakes
TD.
Viewpoint: Evidence that
reduced skeletal muscle recruitment explains
the lactate paradox during exercise at high
altitude. J Appl Physiol. 2008 May 1.
22. FUDGE
B.W., EASTON C., KINGSMORE D., KIPLAMAI F.K.,
ONYWERA V.O., WESTERTERP K.R., KAYSER B.,
NOAKES T.D., PITSILADIS Y.P. Elite
Kenyan endurance runners are hydrated
day-to-day with ad libitum fluid intake.
Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Jun., 40(6):
1171-1179, 2008.
23. CREWE
H., TUCKER R., NOAKES T.D. The rate
of increase in rating of perceived exertion
predicts the duration of exercise to fatigue
at a fixed power output in different
environmental conditions. Eur. J. Appl.
Physiol., Jul., 103(5): 569-577, 2008.
24. AGINSKY
K.D., NOAKES T.D. “Why it is
difficult to detect an illegally bowled
cricket delivery with either the naked eye
or usual two-dimensional video analysis”.
Br. J. Sports Med., May, 2008 [Epub ahead of
print].
25. RAE
D.E., KNOBEL G.J., MANN T., SWART J., TUCKER
R., NOAKES T.D. Heatstroke during
endurance exercise: Is there evidence for
excessive endothermy? Med. Sci. Sports
Exerc., Jul., 40(7): 1193-1204, 2008.
26.
Noakes TD.
Rating of perceived exertion
as a predictor of the duration of exercise
that remains until exhaustion. Br J Sports
Med. 2008 Jul;42(7):623-4.
27. KOLBE-ALEXANDER
T.L., BUCKMASTER C., NOSSEL C., DREYER L.,
BULL F., NOAKES T.D., LAMBERT E.V.
Chronic disease risk factors, healthy days
and medical claims in South African
employees presenting for health risk
screening. BMC Public Health, Jul., 8(1):
228, 2008.
28. HEW-BUTLER
T., NOAKES T.D., SIEGEL A.J.
Practical management of
exercise-associated hyponatremic
encephalopathy: The sodium paradox of
non-osmotic vasopressin secretion. Clin. J.
Sport Med., Jul., 18(4): 350-354, 2008.
29. Noakes
TD,
Marino FE.
Point:Counterpoint: Maximal
oxygen uptake is/is not limited by a central
nervous system governor. J Appl Physiol.
2009 Jan;106(1):338-9. Epub 2008 Jul 10.
30. HEW-BUTLER
T.D., DUGAS J.P., NOAKES T.D.,
VERBALIS J.G. Acute changes in arginine
vasopressin, sweat, urine and serum sodium
concentrations in exercising humans: Does a
coordinated homeostatic relationship exist?
Br J Sports Med.
2008 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print].
31. VAN
ROOYEN M.K., LOMBARD C., NOAKES T.D.
Playing demands of sevens
rugby during the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens
Tournament. Int. J. Perf. Analysis in
Sport, July, 8(2): 114-123, 2008.
32. TALIEP
M.S., ST CLAIR GIBSON A., GRAY J., VAN DER
MERWE L., VAUGHAN C.L., NOAKES T.D.,
KELLAWAY L.A., JOHN L.R. Event-related
potentials, reaction time, and response
selection of skilled and less-skilled
cricket batsmen. Perception, 37(1):
96-105, 2008.
33. SEPTEMBER
A.V., POSTHUMUS M., VAN DER MERWE L.,
SCHWELLNUS M., NOAKES T.D., COLLINS
M.
The COL12A1 and COL14A1 genes
and achilles tendon injuries. Int. J.
Sports Med., Mar, 29(3): 257-263,
2008.
34. NUMMELA
A.T., HEATH K.A., PAAVOLAINEN L.M., LAMBERT
M.I., ST CLAIR GIBSON A., RUSKO H.K.,
NOAKES T.D. Fatigue during a 5-km
running time trial.
Int
J Sports Med. 2008 Sep;29(9):738-45.
35. NOAKES
T.D.,
BORRESEN J., HEW-BUTLER T., LAMBERT M.I.,
JORDAAN E. Semmelweis and the aetiology of
puerperal sepsis 160 years on: An historical
review. Epidemiol. Infect., Jan, 136(1):
1-9, 2008.
36. Sawka
MN, Noakes TD.
Does dehydration impair
exercise performance?
Med Sci Sports
Exerc. 2007 Aug;39(8):1209-17.
Review.
37. RACINAIS
S., BRINGARD A., PUCHAUX K., NOAKES T.D.,
PERREY S. Modulation in voluntary neural
drive in relation to muscle soreness.
Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., Mar., 102(4):
438-446, 2008.
38. Noakes
TD.
The limits of human endurance: what is the
greatest endurance performance of all time?
Which factors regulate performance at
extreme altitude? Adv Exp Med Biol.
2007;618:255-76. Review.
39. NOAKES,
T.D. In
Memory of Bob Woolmer (1948-2007). Int. J.
Sports. Sci & Coaching, 2(2): 97-103, 2007.
40. SAUNDERS
C.J., SEPTEMBER A.V., XENOPHONTOS S.L.,
CARIOLOU M.A., ANASTASSIADES L.C.,
NOAKES, T.D., COLLINS M. No association
of the ACTN3 Gene R577X polymorphism with
endurance performance in iornman
triathlons.
Ann Hum Genet.
71(Pt 6):777-81. 2007
41. HEW-BUTLER
T., SHARWOOD K., BOULTER J., COLLINS M.,
TUCKER R., DUGAS J., SHAVE R., GEORGE K.,
CABLE T., VERBALIS J.G., NOAKES, T.D.
Dysnatremia predicts a delayed recovery in
collapsed ultramarathon runners. Clin. J.
Sport Med., Jul, 17(4): 289-296, 2007.
42. ESTON
R., FAULKNER J., ST CLAIR GIBSON A.,
NOAKES, T.D., PARFITT G. The effect of
antecedent fatiguing activity on the
relationship between perceived exertion and
physiological activity during a constant
load exercise task. Psychophysiology.
44(5):779-86. 2007
43. NOAKES,
T.D., BORRESEN
J., HEW-BUTLER T., LAMBERT M.I., JORDAAN E.
Semmelweis and the aetiology of puerperal
sepsis 160 years on: An historical review.
Epidemiol
Infect. 2008 Jan;136(1):1-9.
44. NOAKES,
T.D. A modern
classification of the exercise-related heat
illnesses.
J Sci Med Sport.
2008 Jan;11(1):33-9.
45. NOAKES,
T.D., DRAPER
C.E. Preventing spinal cord injuries in
rugby union. BMJ, Jun 2, 334(7604):
1122-1123, 2007.
46. MICKLESFIELD
L., HUGO J., NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT
E.V. Factors associated with menstrual
dysfunction and self-reported bone stress
injuries in women runners in the ultra- and
half-marathons of the Two Oceans.
Br J Sports Med.
2007 Oct;41(10):679-83.
47. NOAKES,
T.D.
Hydration in the marathon: Using thirst to
gauge safe fluid replacement. Sports Med.,
37(4-5): 463-466, 2007.
48. NOAKES,
T.D. Reduced
peripheral resistance and other factors in
marathon collapse. Sports Med., 37(4-5):
382-385, 2007.
49. NOAKES,
T.D. The
central governor model of exercise
regulation applied to the marathon. Sports
Med., 37(4-5): 4-7, 2007.
50. NOAKES,
T.D. Drinking
guidelines for exercise: What evidence is
there that athletes should drink “as much as
tolerable”, “to replace the weight lost
during exercise” or “ad libitum”? J Sports
Sci., May, 25(7): 781-796, 2007.
51. EDWARDS
A.M., MANN M.E., MARFELL-JONES M.J., RANKIN
D.M., NOAKES, T.D., SHILLINGTON D.P.
Influence of moderate dehydration on soccer
performance: Physiological responses to 45
min of outdoor match-play and the immediate
subsequent performance of sport-specific and
mental concentration tests. Br J Sports
Med., Jun, 41(6): 385-391, 2007.
52. NOAKES,
T.D. Study
findings challenge core components of a
current model of exercise thermoregulation.
Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Apr, 39(4):
742-743, (author reply 744), 2007.
53. HEW-BUTLER
T., COLLINS M., BOSCH A., SHARWOOD K.,
WILSON G., ARMSTRONG M., JENNINGS C., SWART
J., NOAKES, T.D. Maintenance of
plasma volume and serum sodium concentration
despite body weight loss in ironman
triathletes. Clin. J. Sport Med., Mar,
17(2): 116-122, 2007.
54. LOUNANA
J., CAMPION F., NOAKES, T.D., MEDELLI
J. Relationship between %HRmax, %HR
reserve, %VO2max, and %VO2 reserve in elite
cyclists. Med Sci Sports Exerc., Feb, 39(2):
350-357, 2007.
55. VAUGHAN
C.L., REDDY B.D., NOAKES, T.D., MORAN
V.C. A commentary on the intellectual
health of the nation. SA Journal of Sci.,
Jan/Feb, 103: 22-26, 2007.
56. HEW-BUTLER
T., ANLEY C., SCHWARTZ P., NOAKES, T.D.
The treatment of
symptomatic hyponatremia with hypertonic
saline in an Ironman triathlete. Clin. J.
Sport Med., Jan, 17(1): 68-69, 2007.
57. ANSLEY
D., PETERSEN D., THOMAS A., ST CLAIR GIBSON
A., ROBSON-ANSLEY P., NOAKES, T.D.
The effect of breathing an ambient low-ensity,
hyperoxic gas on the perceived effort of
breathing and maximal performance of
exercise in well-trained athletes. Br. J.
Sports Med., Jan, 41(1): 2-7, 2007.
58. STEIN
D.J., COLLINS M., DANIELS W., NOAKES, T.D.,
ZIGMOND M. Mind and muscle: The
cognitive-affective neuroscience of
exercise. CNS Spectrums, Jan, 12(1): 19-22,
2007.
59. TUCKER
R., BESTER A., LAMBERT E.V., NOAKES, T.D.,
VAUGHAN C.L., ST CLAIR GIBSON A. Non-random
fluctuations in power output during
self-paced exercise. Br J. Sports Med., Nov,
40(11): 912-917, 2006.
60. SAUNDERS
C.J., DE MILANDER L., HEW-BUTLER T.,
XENOPHONTOS S.L., CARIOLOU M.A.,
ANASTASSIADES L.C., NOAKES, T.D.,
COLLINS M. Dipsogenic genes associated with
weight changes during Ironman Triathlons.
Hum Mol. Genet., Oct, 15(20): 2980-2987,
2006.
61. ST
CLAIR GIBSON A., LAMBERT E.V., RAUCH L.H.,
TUCKER R., BADEN D.A., FOSTER C., NOAKES,
T.D. The role of information processing
between the brain and peripheral
physiological systems in pacing and
perception of effort. Sports Med., 36(8):
705-722, 2006.
62. NOAKES,
T.D., The
limits of endurance exercise. Basic Res
Cardiology, Sep, 16(4): 408-417, 2006.
63. TUCKER
R., MARLE T., LAMBERT E.V., NOAKES, T.D.
The rate of heat storage mediates an
anticipatory reduction in exercise intensity
during cycling at a fixed rating of
perceived exertion. J. Physiol., Aug,
574(Pt3): 905-915, 2006.
64. HEW-BUTLER
T., VERBALIS J.G., NOAKES, T.D.,
INTERNATIONAL MARATHON MEDICAL DIRECTORS
ASSOCIATION. Updated fluid recommendation:
Position statement from the International
Marathon Medical Directors Association (IMMDA).
Clin. J. Sport Med., Jul, 16(4): 283-292,
2006.
65. NOAKES,
T.D., Speedy,
D.B.. Case proven: Exercise associated
hyponatraemia is due to overdrinking. So why
did it take 20 years before the original
evidence was accepted? Br. J. Sports Med.,
Jul, 40: 567–572, 2006.
66. HASSAN
M.Y., NOAKES, T.D., BERLYN P., SHAVE
R., GEORGE K. Preload maintenance protects
against a depression in left ventricular
systolic, but not diastolic, function
immediately after ultraendurance exercise.
Br. J. Sports Med., Jun, 40(6): 536-540,
2006.
67. NUMMELA
A.T., PAAVOLAINEN L.M., SHARWOOD K.A.,
LAMBERT M.I., NOAKES, T.D., RUSKO H.K.
Neuromuscular factors determining 5km
running performance and running economy in
well-trained athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol,
May, 97(1): 1-8, 2006.
68. NOAKES,
T.D. In
health and in a normoxic environment, VO2
max is limited primarily by cardiac output
and locomotor muscle blood flow. J Appl.
Physiol., May, 100(5): 1742, 2006.
69. WHARAM
P.C., SPEEDY D.B., NOAKES, T.D.,
THOMPSON J.M.D., REID S.A., HOLTZHAUSEN L-M.
NSAID use increases the risk of developing
hyponatremia during an Ironman Triathlon.
Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Apr, 38(4):
618-622, 2006.
70. SAUNDERS
C.J., XENOPHONTOS S.L., CARIOLOU M.A.,
ANASTASSIADES L.C., NOAKES, T.D.,
COLLINS M. The bradykinin β2 receptor
(BDKRB2) and endothelial nitric oxide
synthase 3 (NOS3) genes and endurance
performance during Ironman Triathlons. Hum.
Mol. Genet., Mar, 15(6): 979-987, 2006.
71. WEST
S.J., GOEDECKE J.H., VAN NIEKERK L., COLLINS
M., ST CLAIR GIBSON A., MACDONALD I.A.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT E.V. Effects of
elevated plasma adrenaline levels on
substrate metabolism, effort perception and
muscles activation during low-to-moderate
intensity exercise. Pflugers Arch., Mar,
451(6): 727-737, 2006.
72. HEW-BUTLER
T.D., SHARWOOD K., COLLINS M., SPEEDY D.,
NOAKES, T.D. Sodium supplementation is
not required to maintain serum sodium
concentrations during an Ironman triathlon.
Br. J. Sports Med., Mar, 40(3): 255-259,
2006.
73. MOKONE
G.G., SCHWELLNUS M.O., NOAKES, T.D.,
COLLINS M. The COL5A1 gene and Achilles
tendon pathology. Scand. J. Med. Sci.
Sports, Feb, 16(1): 19-26, 2006.
74. WALPOLE,
B., NOAKES, T.D., COLLINS, M. Growth
hormone 1 (GH1) gene and performance and
post-race rectal temperature during the
South African Ironman triathlon. Br. J. Sp.
Med., Feb, 40(2): 145-150, 2006.
75. NOAKES,
T.D. Factors
“limiting” exercise performance in hypoxia.
Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Jan, 38(1): 191,
(Author reply 192), 2006.
76. NOAKES,
T.D. Sports
drinks: Prevention of “voluntary
dehydration” and development of
exercise-associated hyponatremia. Med. Sci.
Sports Exerc., Jan, 38(1): 193, (author
reply 194), 2006.
77. HAVEMANN,
L., WEST, S.J., GOEDECKE, J.H., MacDONALD,
I.A., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A., NOAKES, T.D.,
LAMBERT, E.V. Fat adaptation followed by
carbohydrate loading compromises
high-intensity sprint performance. J. Appl.
Physiol., Jan, 100: 194-202, 2006.
78. ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., GROBLER, L.A., COLLINS,
M., LAMBERT, M.I., SHARWOOD, K., DERMAN,
E.W., NOAKES, T.D. Evaluation of
maximal exercise performance, fatigue, and
depression in athletes with acquired chronic
training intolerance. Clin. J. Sport Med.,
Jan, 16(1): 39-45, 2006.
79. DUGAS
L.R., VAN DER MERWE L., ODENDAAL H.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT E.V. A novel
energy expenditure prediction equation for
intermittent physical activity. Med. Sci.
Sports Exerc., Dec, 37(12): 2154-2161, 2005.
80. NOAKES,
T.D. Comments
on Point:Counterpoint. “Positive effects of
intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low)
on exercise performance are/are not mediated
primarily by augmented red cell volume”. J.
Appl. Physiol., Dec, 99(6): 2453, 2005.
81. NOAKES,
T.D., GOODWIN
N., RAYNER B.L., BRANKEN T., TAYLOR R.K.
Water intoxication: A possible complication
during endurance exercise, 1985. Wilderness
Environ. Med., 16(4): 221-227, 2005.
82. WEST,
S.J., SMITH, L., LAMBERT, E.V., NOAKES,
T.D., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A. Submaximal
force production during perceptually guided
isometric exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol.,
95: 537-542, 2005.
83. DUGAS
J.P., NOAKES, T.D. Hyponatraemic
encephalopathy despite a modest rate of
fluid intake during a 109km cycle race. Br.
J. Sports Med., Oct, 39(10): e38, 2005.
84. ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., GOEDECKE, J.H., HARLEY,
Y.X., MYERS, L.J., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES,
T.D., LAMBERT, E.V. Metabolic setpoint
control mechanisms in different
physiological systems at rest and during
exercise. J. Theoretical Bio., 236(1):
60-72, 2005.
85. KOHLER
R, MELTZER S, JAKOET I, NOAKES, T.D.
A practical guide to the use of nutritional
supplements in South Africa. The South
African Journal of Sports Medicine, Sept,
17(3): 48-52, 2005.
86. MOKONE
G.G., GAJJAR M., SEPTEMBER A.V., SCHWELLNUS
M.P., GREENBERG J., NOAKES, T.D.,
COLLINS M. The guanine-thymine dinucleotide
repeat polymorphism within the tenascin-C
gene is associated with achilles tendon
injuries. Am. J. Sports Med., Jul, 33(7):
1016-1021, 2005.
87. HEW-BUTLER
T., ALMOND C., AYUS J.C., DUGAS J.,
MEEUWISSE W., NOAKES, T.D., REID S.,
SIEGEL A., SPEEDY D., STUEMPFLE K., VERBALIS
J., WESCHLER L., EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED
HYPONATREMIA (EAH) CONSENSUS PANEL.
Consensus statement of the 1st International
Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia Consensus
Development Conference, Cape Town, South
Africa 2005. Clin. J. Sport Med., Jul,
15(4): 208-213, 2005.
88. MOKONE
GG, GAJJAR M, SEPTEMBER AV, SCHWELLNUS MP,
GREENBERG J, NOAKES, T.D., COLLINS M.
The GT dinucleotide repeat polymorphism
within the tenascin-C gene is associated
with Achilles tendon pathology. Am J Sports
Med., Jul, 33(7): 1016-1021, 2005.
89. NOAKES,
T.D.
Variability in exercise capacity and
metabolic response during endurance exercise
after a low carbohydrate diet. Int. J. Sport
Nutr. Exerc. Metabl., Apr, 15(2): 97-116,
2005.
90. DUGAS
JP, BURGER B, NOAKES, T.D. New use of
current technology to measure rectal
temperature and heart rate during endurance
exercise. S Afr J Sports Med., Apr, 17(1):
29-30, 2005.
91. NOAKES,
T.D. Dietary
supplements for health and performance; the
good, the bad and the ugly: Socratic debate.
Medicine and Science in Tennis, Apr, 10(1):
8-10, 2005.
92. KEYTEL
L.R., GOEDECKE J.H., NOAKES, T.D.,
HIILOSKORPI H., LAUKKANEN R., VAN DER MERWE
L., LAMBERT E.V. Prediction of energy
expenditure from heart rate monitoring
during submaximal exercise. J. Sports Sci.,
Mar, 23(3): 289-297, 2005.
93. STEWART,
A., NOAKES, T.D., EALES, C., SHEPARD,
K., BECKER, P., VERIAWA, Y. Adherence to
cardiovascular risk factor modification in
patients with hypertension. Cardio. J. of
S.A., 16(2): 102-107, 2005.
94. GOEDECKE
JH, CLARK VR, NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT
EV. The effects of medium-chain
triacylglycerol and carbohydrate ingestion
on ultra-endurance exercise performance. Int
J Sport Nutr Exerc Metabolism, 15(1): 15-27,
2005.
95. RAUCH
HGL, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, LAMBERT EV,
NOAKES, T.D.. A signalling role for
muscle glycogen in the regulation of pace
during prolonged exercise. Br J Sports Med,
Jan, 39(1): 34-38, 2005.
96. LAMBERT
EV, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, NOAKES, T.D..
Complex systems model of fatigue:
Integrative homeostatic control of
peripheral physiological systems during
exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med, Jan,
39(1): 52-62, 2005.
97. NOAKES,
T.D., ST CLAIR
GIBSON A, LAMBERT EV. From catastrophe to
complexity: A novel model of integrative
central neural regulation of effort and
fatigue during exercise in humans: Summary
and conclusions. Br J Sports Med, Feb,
39(2): 120-124, 2005.
98. ALBERTUS
Y, TUCKER R GIBSON AS, LAMBERT EV, HAMPSON
DB, NOAKES, T.D.. Effect of distance
feedback on pacing strategy and perceived
exertion during cycling. Med Sci Sports
Exerc, Mar, 37(3): 461-468, 2005.
99. SAUNDERS
AG, DUGAS JP, TUCKER R, LAMBERT MI,
NOAKES, T.D..
The effects of different air velocities on
heat storage and body temperature in humans
cycling in a hot, humid environment. Acta
Physiol Scand, Mar, 183(3): 241-255, 2005.
100.
DUGAS, L., NOAKES, T.D., Fit and fat?
CME, Nov/Dec, 23(11): 558-562, 2005.
101.
KOHLER R, MELTZER S, JAKOET I, NOAKES,
T.D. A practical guide to the use of
nutritional supplements in South Africa. The
South African Journal of Sports Medicine,
Sept, 17(3): 48-52, 2005.
102.
NOAKES, T.D.
Mind Over Matter. Deducing Heatstroke
Pathology. The Physician and Sportsmedicine,
Oct, 10(33): 44-46, 2005.
103.
SULZER. N.U., SCHWELLNUS, M.P., NOAKES,
T.D. Serum electrolytes in Ironman
Triathletes with exercise-associated muscle
cramping. Med. Sci. Sports Exer., 37(7):
1081-1085, 2005.
104.
BADEN, D.A., McLEAN, T.L., TUCKER, R.,
NOAKES, T.D., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A.
Effect of anticipation during unknown or
unexpected exercise duration on rating of
perceived exertion, affect, and
physiological function. Br. J. Sp. Med., 39:
742-746, 2005.
105.
BOSCH, A.N., NOAKES, T.D.
Carbohydrate ingestion during exercise &
endurance performance. Indian J. Med. Res.,
May, 121(5): 634-638, 2005.
106.
NOAKES, T.D..
High VO2max with no history of training is
due to high blood volume: An alternative
explanation. Br. J. Sp. Med., 39(8): 578,
2005.
107.
EALES CJ, NOAKES, T.D., STEWART AV,
BECKER P. Predictors of the successful
outcome of one-year survivors of coronary
bypass surgery. Cardiovascular Journal of
South Africa, Jan/Feb, 16(1): 29-35, 2005.
108.
NOAKES, T.D.,
SHARWOOD, K., SPEEDY, D., HEW, T., REID, S.,
DUGAS, J., ALMOND, C., WHARAM, P., WESCHLER,
L. Three independent biological mechanisms
cause exercise-associated hyponatremia:
Evidence from 2,135 weighed competitive
athletic performances. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. USA., 102(51): 18550-18555, 2005.
109.
NOAKES, T.D.
Sodium ingestion and the prevention of
hyponatraemia during exercise. Br. J. Sports
Med., Dec, 38(6): 790-792, 2004.
110.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON A., LAMBERT M.I., NOAKES,
T.D. Age-related decrements in cycling
and running performance. S.A. J Sports Med.,
16(2): 8-11, 2004.
111.
COLLINS M, XENOPHONTOS SL, CARIOLOU MA,
MOKONE GG, HUDSON DE, ANASTASIADES L,
NOAKES TD. The ACE gene and endurance
performance during the South African Ironman
Triathlons. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 36(8):
1314-1320, 2004.
112.
GROBLER L, COLLINS M, LAMBERT M,
SINCLAIR-SMITH C, DERMAN EW, NOAKES, T.D.,
ST CLAIR GIBSON A. Skeletal muscle
pathology in endurance athletes with
acquired training intolerance. Br J Sports
Med., Dec, 38(6): 697-703, 2004.
113.
SHARWOOD KA, COLLINS M, GOEDECKE J, WILSON
G, NOAKES, T.D. Weight changes,
medical complications, and performance
during an Ironman triathlon. Br J Sports
Med., Dec, 38(6): 718-724, 2004.
114.
REID SA, SPEEDY DB, THOMPSON JM, NOAKES,
T.D. MULLIGAN G, PAGE T, CAMPBELL RG,
MILNE C. Study of hematological and
biochemical parameters in runners completing
a standard marathon. Clin J Sport Med., Nov,
14(6): 344-353, 2004.
115.
NOAKES, T.D.,
CALBET JA, BOUSHEL R, SONDERGAARD H,
RADEGRAN G, WAGNER PD, SALTIN B. Central
regulation of skeletal muscle recruitment
explains the reduced maximal cardiac output
during exercise in hypoxia. Am J of Physiol
Regul Integr Comp Physiol, Oct, 287(4):
R996-999, (author reply R999-1002), 2004.
116.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ST CLAIR GIBSON A. Logical limitations in
the “catastrophe” models of fatigue during
exercise in humans. Br J Sports Med., Oct,
38(5): 648-649, 2004.
117.
ANSLEY L, SCHABORT E, ST CLAIR GIBSON A,
LAMBERT MI, NOAKES, T.D.. Regulation
of pacing strategies during successive 4-km
time trials. Med Sci Sports Exerc., Oct,
36(10): 1819-1825, 2004.
118.
ROBSON, P.J., DE MILANDER, L., COLLINS, M.,
NOAKES, T.D. Acute interleukin-6
administration impairs athletic performance
in healthy, trained male runners. Can. J.
Appl. Physiol., 29(4): 1-8, 2004.
119.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON A, NOAKES, T.D..
Evidence for complex system integration and
dynamic neural regulation of skeletal muscle
recruitment during exercise in humans. Br J
Sports Med., 38(6): 797-806, 2004.
120.
HUDSON DE, MOKONE GG, NOAKES, T.D.,
COLLINS M. The –55 C/T polymorphism within
the UCP3 gene and performance during the
South African Ironman Triathlon. Int J
Sports Med., Aug, 25(6): 427-432, 2004.
121.
NOAKES, T.D..
Tainted glory--doping and athletic
performance. N Engl J Med., Aug 26, 351(9):
847-849, 2004.
122.
NOAKES, T.D.,
TUCKER R. Inverse relationship between
VO2max and economy in world-class cyclists.
Med Sci Sports Exerc., Jun, 36(6): 1083-4,
(author reply 1085-6), 2004.
123.
NOAKES, T.D..
Food and fluid intake and disturbances in
gastrointestinal and mental function during
an ultramarathon. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc
Metab., Jun, 14(3): 249-252, (author reply
252-254), 2004.
124.
NOAKES, T.D..
Response to the Letter to the Editor by
Douglas W. Stoddard, MD, M Sport Med, Dip
Sport Med, ES. Clin J Sport Med., Jul,
14(4): 248-250, 2004.
125.
NOAKES T. Fat adaptation and prolonged
exercise performance. J Appl Physiol., Apr,
96(3): 1243-1244, 2004.
126.
NOAKES, T.D..
Linear relationship between the perception
of effort and the duration of constant load
exercise that remains. J Appl Physiol., Apr;
96(4): 1571-1572, 2004.
127.
SCHWELLNUS MP, NICOL J, LAUBSCHER R,
NOAKES, T.D.. Serum electrolyte
concentrations and hydration status are not
associated with exercise associated muscle
cramping (EAMC) in distance runners. Br J
Sports Med., Aug, 38(4): 488-492, 2004.
128.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ST CLAIR GIBSON A, LAMBERT EV. From
catastrophe to complexity: A novel model of
integrative central neural regulation of
effort and fatigue during exercise in
humans. Br J Sports Med., Aug, 38(4):
511-514, 2004.
129.
NOAKES, T.D.,
SHARWOOD K, COLLINS M, PERKINS DR. The
dipsomania of great distance: water
intoxication in an Ironman triathlete. Br J
Sports Med., Aug, 38(4): E16, 2004.
130.
TUCKER R, RAUCH L, HARLEY YX, NOAKES,
T.D. Impaired
exercise performance in the heat is
associated with an anticipatory reduction in
skeletal muscle recruitment. Pflugers Arch.,
Jul, 448(4): 422-430, 2004.
131.
HAMPSON DB, GIBSON AS, LAMBERT MI, DUGAS JP,
LAMBERT EV, NOAKES, T.D. Deception
and perceived exertion during high-intensity
running bouts. Percept Mot Skills, Jun, 98(3
Pt 1): 1027-1038, 2004.
132.
NOAKES, T.D.
Physiological factors limiting exercise
performance in CFS. Med Sci Sports Exerc.,
Jun, 36(6): 1087, 2004.
133.
NOAKES, T.D.
HARLEY, Y.X.R., BOSCH, A.N., MARINO, F.E.,
ST CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I.
Physiological function and neuromuscular
recruitment in elite South African distance
runners. Equine and Comparative Exer.
Physiol., 1(4): 261-271, 2004.
134.
ARENDSE RE, NOAKES, T.D., AZEVEDO LB,
ROMANOV N, SCHWELLNUS MP, FLETCHER G.
Reduced eccentric loading of the knee with
the pose running method. Med Sci Sports
Exerc., Feb, 36(2): 272-7, 2004.
135.
ANSLEY L, ROBSON PJ, ST CLAIR GIBSON A,
NOAKES, T.D.. Anticipatory pacing
strategies during supramaximal exercise
lasting longer than 30 s. Med Sci Sports
Exerc., Feb, 36(2): 309-14, 2004.
136.
NOAKES, T.D..
Overproduction of food as the ultimate cause
of obesity in the developed world. S Afr Med
J., Jan, 94(1): 9, 2004.
137.
MARINO FE, LAMBERT MI, NOAKES, T.D..
Superior
performance of African runners in warm humid
but not in cool environmental conditions.
J Appl Physiol., Jan, 96(1): 124-130, 2004.
138.
TALIEP, M.S., GRAY, J., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A.,
CALDER, S., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.
The effects of a 12-over bowling spell on
bowling accuracy and pace in cricket fast
bowlers. J. Human Move. Studies., 45:
197-217, 2003.
139.
DOHERTY M, NOBBS L, NOAKES, T.D..
Low frequency of the "plateau phenomenon"
during maximal exercise in elite British
athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol., Aug, 89(6):
619-623, 2003.
140.
NOAKES, T.D..
Overconsumption of fluids by athletes. BMJ.,
Jul 19, 327(7407): 113-114, 2003.
141.
NOAKES T.
IMMDA. Fluid replacement during marathon
running. Clin J Sport Med., Sep, 13(5):
309-318, 2003.
142.
COLLINS M, RENAULT V, GROBLER LA, ST CLAIR
GIBSON A, LAMBERT MI, DERMAN WE,
BUTLER-BROWNE GS, NOAKES, T.D., MOULY
V. Athletes with exercise-associated
fatigue have abnormally short muscle DNA
telomeres. Med Sci Sports Exerc., Sep,
35(9): 1524-1528, 2003.
143.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., BADEN, D.A., LAMBERT,
M.I., LAMBERT, E.V., HARLEY, Y.X.R.,
HAMPSON, D., RUSSELL, V., NOAKES, T.D.
The conscious perception of the sensation of
fatigue. Sports Med., 33: 167-176, 2003.
144.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, LAMBERT MI,
DENNIS S, MULLANY H, O'MALLEY MJ, VAUGHAN
CL, KAY D, NOAKES, T.D. EMG
amplitude in maximal and submaximal exercise
is dependent on signal capture rate. Int J
Sports Med., 24: 83-89, 2003.
145.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, LAMBERT MI,
NOBBS L, NOAKES, T.D. The effects of
supramaximal exercise on the EMG signal. Br
J Sports Med., 37(3): 296-299, 2003.
146.
NOAKES, T.D.
The forgotten Barcroft/Edholm reflex:
Potential role in exercise associated
collapse. Br J Sports Med., 37(3): 277-278,
2003.
147.
DOHERTY, M., NOBBS, L., NOAKES, T.D.
Low frequency of the “lateau phenomenon”
during maximal exercise in elite British
athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 89:
619-623, 2003.
148.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D.,
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M. Exercise-associated
collapse. Phys. Sports Med., Mar, 31(3):
23-29, 2003.
149.
NOAKES, T.D.
Training and bioenergetic characteristics in
elite male and female Kenyan runners:
Commentary to accompany. Med. Sci. Sports
Exer.: 1-2, 2003.
150.
NOAKES, T.D.,
KEYTEL, L.R. Novel bicycle saddle – readers
taken for a ride. Reply S Afr Med J., Apr;
92(12): 928-930, 2002.
151.
KEYTEL, L.R., NOAKES, T.D. Effects
of a novel bicycle saddle on symptoms and
comfort in cyclists. S Afr Med J., Apr,
92(4): 295-298, 2002.
152.
BODDINGTON MK, LAMBERT MI, ST CLAIR GIBSON
A, NOAKES, T.D. A time-motion study
of female field hockey players. Journal of
Human Movement Studies, 43: 229-249, 2002.
153.
NOAKES, T.D.
Letter to the Editor: Interactions among
dietary fat, mineral status, and performance
of endurance athletes: A case study. Int J
Sport Nutr Exerc Metab., Dec, 12(4):
381-382, (author reply: 382-383), 2002.
154.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, DERMAN WE,
LAMBERT M, DENNIS SC, NOAKES, T.D.
The effect of selective beta1-blockade on
EMG signal characteristics during
progressive endurance exercise. Eur J Appl
Physiol., Dec, 88(3): 275-281, 2002.
155.
SHARWOOD K, LAMBERT MI, ST CLAIR GIBSON A,
NOAKES, T.D. Changes in oxygen
consumption during and after a downhill run
in masters long distance runners. Clin J
Sport Med, 12: 308-312, 2002.
156.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, COLLINS M,
LAMBERT M, NOAKES, T.D. Caffeine
ingestion does not alter performance during
a 100-km cycling time-trial performance. Int
J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab., Dec, 12(4):
438-452, 2002.
157.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, LAMBERT MI,
NOAKES, T.D. Electromyographic (EMG)
normalization method for cycle fatigue
protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc., 34(5):
857-861, 2002.
158.
HUNTER AM, ST CLAIR GIBSON A, MBAMBO Z,
LAMBERT MI, NOAKES, T.D. The effects
of heat stress on neuromuscular activity
during endurance exercise. Pflugers Arch,
444: 738-743, 2002.
159.
KUBUKELI ZN, NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS
SC. Training techniques to improve
endurance exercise performances. Sports
Med., 32 (8): 489-509, 2002.
160.
HARLEY YXR, ST CLAIR GIBSO A, HARLEY EH,
LAMBERT MI, VAUGHAN CL, NOAKES, T.D.
Quadriceps strength and jumping efficiency
in dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine and
Science, 6(3): 87-9, 2002.
161.
NOAKES, T.D.,
MARTIN,D.E. IMMDA-AIMS Advisory statement
on guidelines for fluid replacement during
marathon running. New Stud Athletics, 17:
15-24, 2002.
162.
WRIGHT, A., MARINO, F.E., KAY, D., MICALOS,
P., FANNING, C., CANNON, J., NOAKES, T.D.
Influence of lean body mass on performance
differences of male and female distance
runners in warm, humid conditions. Am J
Phys Anthropol, 118: 285-291, 2002.
163.
NOAKES, T.D.
Hyponatremia in distance runners: Fluid and
sodium balance during exercise. Curr Sports
Med Reports, 4: 197-207, 2002.
164.
LAMBERT, M.I., MARCUS, P., BURGESS, T.,
NOAKES, T.D. Electro-membrane
microcurrent therapy reduces signs and
symptoms of muscle damage. Med Sci Sports
Exerc, 34: 602-607, 2002.
165.
SHARWOOD K, COLLINS M, GOEDECKE J, WILSON G,
NOAKES T. Weight changes, sodium
levels, and performance in the South African
Ironman Triathlon. Clin J Sport Med., Nov,
12(6): 391-399, 2002.
166.
SPEEDY D.B., THOMPSON J.M., RODGERS I.,
COLLINS M., SHARWOOD K., NOAKES, T.D.
Oral salt supplementation during
ultradistance exercise. Clin J Sport Med.,
Sep, 12(5): 279-284, 2002.
167.
NOAKES, T.D.,
WILSON, G., GRAY, D.A., LAMBERT, M.I.,
DENNIS, S.C. Peak rates of diuresis in
healthy humans during oral fluid overload.
S. Afr. Med. J., 91(10): 852-857, 2001.
168.
NOAKES, T.D.
Editorial: Running, the kidneys and drinking
too much – the hyponatraemia of exercise.
S. Afr. Med. J., 91(10): 843-844, 2001.
169.
GOEDECKE, J.H., CLAASSEN, A., NOAKES,
T.D., LAMBERT, E.V. Fasting respiratory
exchange ratio measured at rest and during
steady-state exercise at different
intensities is very consistent. South
African J of Sports Med, 8(2): 8-11, 2001.
170.
NUROK, M., MORRIS, A.G., O’CONNELL, C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Clustering of athletic
ability in male Kalenjin scholars. Sports
Med (South Africa), March: 14-17, 2001.
171.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., VAUGHAN,
C.L., LOWERY, M., O’MALLEY, M.J., NOAKES,
T.D. The impact of anterior cruciate
ligament deficiency and reconstruction on
bilateral thigh muscle activity during stair
descent. S Afr J Physio, 57: 16–21, 2001.
172.
NOAKES, T.D.
Hyponatremia or Hype? Physcn. Sportsmed,
July, 29(7): 22–25, 2001.
173.
GOEDECKE, J.H., LEVITT, N.S., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., GROBLER, L., NOAKES, T.D.,
LAMBERT, E.V. Insulin sensitivity measured
by the minimal model: no associations with
fasting respiratory exchange ratio in
trained athletes. Metabolism, 50(11):
1286-1293, 2001.
174.
LAMBERT, E.V., GOEDECKE, J.H., VAN ZYL, C.,
MURPHY, K., HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. High-fat diet versus
habitual diet prior to carbohydrate loading:
Effects on exercise metabolism and cycling
performance. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab,
11(2): 209-225, 2001.
175.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D., BOSWELL,
T., THOMPSON, J.M., REHRER, N., BOSWELL,
D.R. Response to a fluid load in athletes
with a history of exercise induced
hyponatremia. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33(9):
1434-1442, 2001.
176.
MARINO, F.E., MBAMBO, Z., KORTEKAAS, E.,
WILSON, G., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.
Influence of ambient temperature on plasma
ammonia and lactate accumulation during
prolonged submaximal and self-paced
running. Europ J Appl Physiol, 86(1):
71-78, 2001.
177.
SANDERS, B., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Sodium replacement and fluid shifts
during prolonged exercise in humans. Europ
J Appl Physiol, 84(5): 419-425, 2001.
178.
HAMPSON, D.B., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT,
M.I., NOAKES, T.D. The influence of
sensory cues on the perception of exertion
during exercise and central regulation of
exercise performance. Sports Med, 31(13):
935-952, 2001.
179.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES,
T.D. Neural control of force output
during maximal and submaximal exercise.
Sports Med, 31(9): 637-650, 2001.
180.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., SCHABORT, E.J., NOAKES,
T.D. Reduced neuromuscular activity and
force generation during prolonged cycling.
Amer J Physiol, 281(1): R187-R196, 2001.
181.
NOAKES, T.D.,
PELTONEN, J.E., RUSKO, H.K. Evidence that a
central governor regulates exercise
performance during acute hypoxia and
hyperoxia. J Exper Biol, 204: 3225-3234,
2001.
182.
BODDINGTON, M.K., LAMBERT, M.I., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., NOAKES, T.D. Reliability
of a 5-m multiple shuttle test. J Sports
Sci, 19(3): 223-228, 2001.
183.
KAY, D., MARINO, F.E., CANNON, J., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.
Evidence for neuromuscular fatigue during
cycling in warm humid conditions. Europ J
Appl Physiol, 84(1-2): 115-121, 2001.
184.
KEYTEL, L.R., LAMBERT, M.I., JOHNSON, J.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT, E.L. Free Living
energy expenditure in post menopausal women
before and after exercise training. Int J
Sport Nutr Exerc Metabo,l 11: 226-237, 2001.
185.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D., KIMBER,
N.E., ROGERS, I.R., THOMPSON, J.M.D.,
BOSWELL, D.R., ROSS, J.J., CAMPBELL, R.G.D.,
GALLAGHER, P.G., KUTTNER, J.A. Fluid
balance during and after an Ironman
Triathlon. Clin J Sports Med, 11(1): 44-50,
2001.
186.
HISLOP, M.S., GIBSON, A.G., LAMBERT, M.I.,
NOAKES, T.D., MARAIS, A.D. Effects
of androgen manipulation on postprandial
triglyceridaemia, low-density lipoprotein
particle size and lipoprotein(a) in men.
Atherosclerosis, 159(2): 425-432, 2001.
187.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D.,
SCHNEIDER, C. Exercise-associated
hyponatremia: A review. Emerg Med
(Fremantle), Mar, 13(1): 17-27, 2001.
188.
LAMBERT, E.V., LAMBERT, M.I., HUDSON, K.,
STEYN, K., LEVITT, N.S., CHARLTON, K.,
NOAKES, T.D. Role of physical activity
for health in communities undergoing
epidemiological transition. World Rev Nutr
Diet, 90: 110-126, 2001.
189.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, E.V., LAMBERT,
M.I., HAMPSON, D.B., NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise and fatigue-control mechanisms.
Int. SportMed J., 2(3): 1-14, 2001.
190.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES,
T.D. Neural control of force output
during maximal and submaximal exercise.
Sports Med., 31(9): 637-650, 2001.
191.
NOAKES, T.D.
Editorial. S.A. Journal of Sports Med. p.1,
Nov 2000.
192.
NOAKES, T.D.
Taboo: Why black athletes dominate sport and
why we’re afraid to talk about it. (Book
review). S Afr Med J, 90: 1193-1194, 2000.
193.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., COLLINS,
M., GROBLER, L., SHARWOOD, K.A., DERMAN,
E.W., NOAKES, T.D. Chronic exercise
activity and the fatigued athlete myopathic
syndrome. Int Sportmed J, 1(3): August
2000. URL:http://www.esportmed.com/ismi/
194.
GOEDECKE, J.H., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A.,
GROBLER, L., COLLINS, M., NOAKES, T.D.,
LAMBERT, E.V. Determinant of the
variability in substrate utilisation at rest
and during exercise in trained athletes.
Amer J Physiol 279: E1325-E1334, 2000.
195.
BURKE, L.M., HAWLEY, J.A., SCHABORT, E.J.,
ST CLAIR GIBSON, A., MUJIKA, I., NOAKES,
T.D. Carbohydrate loading failed to
improve 100-km cycling performance in a
placebo-controlled trial. J Appl Physiol
88: 1284-1290, 2000.
196.
SPEEDY, D.B., ROGERS, I.R., NOAKES, T.D.,
WRIGHT, S., THOMPSON, J.M.D., CAMPBELL, R.,
HELLEMANS, I., KIMBER, N.E., BOSWELL, D.R.,
KUTTNER, J.A., SAFIH, S. Exercise-induced
hyponatremia in ultradistance triathletes is
caused by inappropriate fluid retention.
Clin. J. Sports Med, 10(4): 272-278, 2000.
197.
MARINO, F.E., MBAMBO, Z., KORTEKAAS, E.,
WILSON, G., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Advantages of smaller body
mass during distance running in warm, humid
environments. Pflugers Arch 441(2/3):
359-367, 2000.
198.
BELLINGER, B.M., BOLD., A., WILSON, G.R.,
NOAKES, T.D., MYBURGH, K.H. Oral
creatine supplementation decreases plasma
markers of adenine nucleotide degradation
during a one-hour cycle test. Acta Physiol
Scand 170(3): 217-224, 2000.
199.
GROBLER, L.A., SCHWELLNUS, M.P., TRICHARD,
C., CALDER, S., NOAKES, T.D., DERMAN,
W.E. Comparative effects of zopiclone and
loprazolam on psychomotor and physical
performance in active individuals. Clin J
Sport Med 10: 123-128, 2000.
200.
NOAKES, T.D.
Hyponatremia in distance athletes. Pulling
the IV on the ‘Dehydration Myth”. Physcn
Sportsmed 28(9): 71-76, 2000.
201.
DARIES, H.N., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Effect of fluid intake volume on 2-h
running performances in a 25 degrees C
environment. Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(10):
1783-1789, 2000.
202.
MAYERS, L.B., NOAKES, T.D. A guide
to treating Ironman triathletes at the
finish line. Physcn Sportsmed 28(8): 35-50,
2000.
203.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D., ROGERS,
I.R., HELLEMANS, I., KIMBER, N.E., BOSWELL,
D.R., CAMPBELL, R., KUTTNER, J.A. A
prospective study of exercise-associated
hyponatremia in two ultradistance
triathletes. Clin J Sport Med 10: 136-141,
2000.
204.
SPEEDY, D.B., ROGERS, I.R., NOAKES, T.D.,
THOMPSON, J.M.D., GUIREY, J., SAFIH, S.,
BOSWELL, D.R. Diagnosis and prevention of
hyponatremia at an ultradistance triathlon.
Clin J Sports Med 10: 52-58, 2000.
205.
NOAKES, T.D.
Physiological models to understand exercise
fatigue and the adaptations that predict or
enhance athletic performance. Scand J Med
Sci Sports 10(3): 123-145, 2000.
206.
NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise in the cold. Ergonomics 43(10):
1461-1479, 2000.
207.
SCHABORT, E.J., WILSON, G., NOAKES, T.D.
Dose-related
elevations in venous pH with citrate
ingestion do not alter 40-km cycling
time-trial performance. Europ J Appl
Physiol 83(4): 320-327, 2000.
208.
NOAKES, T.D.,
DURANDT, J.J. Physiological requirements of
cricket. J Sports Sci 18(12): 919-929,
2000.
209.
SHARWOOD, K.A., LAMBERT, M.I., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., NOAKES, T.D. Changes in
muscle power and neuromuscular efficiency
after a 40-minute downhill run in veteran
long distance runners. Clin J Sport Med 10:
129-135, 2000.
210.
SCHABORT, E.J., KILLIAN, S.C., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D.
Prediction of triathlon race time from
laboratory testing in national triathletes.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 32(4): 844-849, 2000.
211.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., PEROLD, J., WATERMEYER,
G.A., LATOUF, S.E., HAWLEY, J.A., LAMBERT,
M.I., NOAKES, T.D. Veteran athletes
exercise at higher maximum heart rates than
are achieved during standard exercise
(stress testing). S Afr Med J 90(2):
141-146, 2000.
212.
NOAKES, T.D.
Improving performance and promoting healthy
by sports participation. Orthopade 29(11):
972-980, 2000. (German). Also available at:
www.informed.austria.@/hpthema/vortrag/Noakes_V.html
213.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., MYBURGH,
K.H., NOAKES, T.D. Quadriceps and
hamstring peak torque ratio changes in
persons with chronic anterior cruciate
ligament deficiency. J Orthopaedic Sports
Physical Therapy 30: 418-427, 2000.
214.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., MYBURGH,
K.H., NOAKES, T.D. Quadriceps and
hamstring muscle function in complete and
partial anterior cruciate ligament
deficiency. S Afr J Sports Med 7(2): 21-26,
2000.
215.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., MYBURGH,
K.H., WALTERS, J., VAUGHAN, C.L., O’MALLEY,
M.J., NOAKES, T.D. The relationship
between functional capacity, muscle size and
strength in chronic ACL deficient and ACL
reconstructed individuals. S. Afr J Physio
56(3): 12-18, 2000.
216.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., DURANDT,
J.J., SCALES, N., NOAKES, T.D.
Quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque ratio
changes in persons with chronic anterior
cruciate ligament deficiency. J. Orthop. &
Sports Phys. Therapy, 30(7): 418-427, 2000.
217.
KAY, D., ST CLAIR GIBSON, A., MITCHELL,
M.J., LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.
Different neuromuscular recruitment patterns
during eccentric, concentric and isometric
contraction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 10(6):
425-431, 2000.
218.
DU TOIT, P., SOLE, G., BOWERBANK, P.,
NOAKES, T.D.
Incidence and causes of tenosynovitis of the
wrist extensors in long distance paddle
canoeists. Brit J Sports Med 33(2):
105-109, 1999.
219.
NOAKES, T.D.
Editorial. Spinal cord injuries in rugby
players – more of the same. S Afr Med J
89(5): 531, 1999.
220.
NOAKES, T.D.,
JAKOET, I., BAALBERGEN, E.
An apparent reduction in
the incidence and severity of spinal cord
injuries in schoolboy rugby players in the
Cape Province since 1990. S Afr Med J
89(5): 540-545, 1999.
221.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D.
Belastungsbedingte hyponatriämie: Eine
Übersicht. (Exercise associated
hyponatremia: A review). Deutsche
Zietschrift für Sportmedizin Jahrgang 50(11
+ 12): 368-374, 1999.
222.
SPEEDY, D.B., NOAKES, T.D., ROGERS,
R.I., THOMPSON, J.M.D., CAMPBELL, R.G.D.,
KUTTNER, J.A., BOSWELL, D.R., WRIGHT, S.,
HAMLIN, M. Hyponatraemia during an
ultradistance triathlon. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 31(6): 809-815, 1999.
223.
SANDERS, B., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Water and electrolyte shifts with
partial fluid replacement during exercise.
Europ J Appl Physiol 80: 318-323, 1999.
224.
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Advantages of a smaller body mass in humans
when distance-running in warm, humid
conditions. Europ J Appl Physiol 79:
280-284, 1999.
225.
NOAKES, T.D.,
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M.
The collapsed athlete.
Sports Med, 865-871, 1999.
226.
WESTON, A.R., KARAMIZRAK, O., SMITH, A.,
NOAKES, T.D., MYBURGH, K.H. African
runners exhibit greater fatigue resistance,
lower lactate accumulation, and higher
oxidative enzyme activity. J Appl Physiol
86(3): 915-923, 1999.
227.
TUCKER, W.M., NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT,
M.I. Quantification of the
competition-induced increase in heart rate
during 10-, 21- and 42-km races. S Afr J
Sports Med 6: 6-9, 1999.
228.
PALMER, G.S., BORGHOUTS, L.B., NOAKES,
T.D., HAWLEY, J.A. Metabolic and
performance responses to constant-load vs.
variable-intensity exercise in trained
cyclists. J Appl Physiol 87(3): 1186-1196,
1999.
229.
NOAKES, T.D.
Optimising performance in international
sport. J. College Med S Afr 43(2): 35-41,
1999.
230.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., HAWLEY,
J.A., BROOMHEAD, S., NOAKES, T.D.
Measurement of maximal oxygen uptake from
two different laboratory protocols in
runners and squash players. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 31: 1226-1229, 1999.
231.
SCHABORT, E.J., BOSCH, A.N., WELTAN, S.M.,
NOAKES, T.D. The effect of a
preexercise meal on time to fatigue during
prolonged cycling exercise. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 31(3): 464-471, 1999.
232.
RAUCH, H.G.L., HAWLEY, J., WOODEY, M.,
NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS, S.C. Effects of
ingesting a sport bar versus glucose polymer
on substrate utilisation and ultra-endurance
performance. J Sports Med 20: 252-257,
1999.
233.
EALES C.J., STEWART A.V., GOODMAN M.,
NOAKES, T.D. Physiotherapy: Self
responsibility: A predictor of imiproved
quality of life after coronary artery bypass
grafting. CME, Apr, 17(4): 353, 1999.
234.
GOEDECKE, J.H., ELMER-ENGLISH, R., DENNIS,
S.C., SCHLOSS, I., NOAKES, T.D.,
LAMBERT, E.V. Effects of medium-chain
triaclyglycerol ingested with carbohydrate
on metabolism and exercise performance. Int
J Sport Nutr 9(1): 35-47, 1999.
235.
GOEDECKE, J.H., CHRISTIE, C., WILSON, G.,
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D., HOPKINS,
W.G., LAMBERT, E.V. Metabolic adaptations
to a high-fat diet in endurance cyclists.
Metabolism 48(12): 1509-1517, 1999.
236.
MYBURGH, K.H., BERMAN, C., NOVICK, I.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT, E.V. Decreased
resting metabolic rate in ballet dancers
with menstrual irregularity. Int J Sports
Nutr 9: 285-294, 1999.
237.
SEMARK, A., NOAKES, T.D., ST CLAIR
GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I. The effect of a
prophylactic dose of flurbiprofen on muscle
soreness and sprinting performance in
trained subjects. J Sports Sci 17: 197-203,
1999.
238.
BOSCH, A., THOMAS, A., NOAKES, T.D.
Improved time-trial performance after
tapering in well-trained cyclists. S Afr J
Sports Med 6(1): 10-14, 1999.
239.
DIGENIO, A.G., NOAKES, T.D., JOUGHIN,
H., DALY, L.. Ventilatory responses to
exercise in patients with asymptomatic left
ventricular dysfunction. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 31(7): 942-948, 1999.
240.
DIGENIO, A.G., NOAKES, T.D., JOUGHIN,
H., DALY, L. Effect of myocardial ischaemia
on left ventricular function and
adaptability to exercise training. Med Sci
Sports Exerc 31(8): 1094-1101, 1999.
241.
NOAKES, T.D.
Letter to the Editor: Postexercise increase
in nitric oxide in football players with
muscle cramps. Am. J. Sports Med, 27(5):
688-689, 1999.
242.
DERMAN, K.L., DERMAN, W., NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise
intolerance in patients with chronic heart
failure: A review. S Afr J Sports Med
5(1): 3-12, 23, 1998.
243.
JAKOET, I., NOAKES, T.D. A high rate
of injury during the 1995 Rugby World Cup.
S Afr Med J 88(1): 45-47, 1998.
244.
CHAMBERS, C., NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT,
E.V., LAMBERT, M.I. Time course of recovery
of vertical jump height and heart rate
versus running speed after a 90-km foot
race. J. Sports Sci, 16: 645-651, 1998.
245.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., MILLIGAN,
J., VAN DER MERWE, W., WALTERS, J.,
NOAKES, T.D. Anterior cruciate ligament
surgery - a survey of surgical technique and
rehabilitation practice in Southern Africa.
S Afr J Sports Med 5(1): 24-28, 1998.
246.
SCHABORT, E.J., HAWLEY, J.A., HOPKINS, W.G.,
MUJIKA, I., NOAKES, T.D. A new
reliable laboratory test of endurance
performance for road cyclists. Med Sci
Sports Exerc 30(12): 1744-1750, 1998.
247.
NOAKES, T.D.
Maximal oxygen uptake: “classical” versus
“contemporary” viewpoints: a rebuttal. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 30(9): 1381-1398, 1998.
248.
NOAKES, T.D.
Why do Africans run so swiftly? A research
challenge for African scientists. S Afr J
Sci 94: 531-535, 1998.
249.
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Physiological and metabolic responses to
increasing work rates: Relevance for
exercise prescription. J Sports Sci 16:
S77-S84, 1998.
250.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., WESTON,
A.R., MYBURGH, K.H., EMMS, M., KIRBY, P.,
ARINAKI, A.M., OWEN, P.E., DERMAN, E.W.,
NOAKES, T.D. Exercise-induced
mitochondrial dysfunction in an elite
athlete. Clin J Sports Med 8: 52-55, 1998.
251.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., NOAKES, T.D.
Planning the
emergency medical care for an
ultra-endurance event. Trauma and Emerg Med
15(3): 19-26, 1998.
252.
NOAKES, T.D.
Fluid and electrolyte disturbances in heat
illness. Int J Sports Med 19: S146-S149,
1998.
253.
RAUCH, H.G.L., HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Fuel metabolism during
ultra-endurance exercise. Pflugers Arch,
Eur. J. Physiol., 436: 211-219, 1998.
254.
WELTAN, S.M., BOSCH, A.N., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Influence of muscle
glycogen content on metabolic regulation.
Am J Physiol 274: E72-E82, 1998.
255.
WELTAN, S.M., BOSCH, A.N., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Pre-exercise muscle
glycogen content affects metabolism during
exercise despite maintenance of
hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol 274: E83-E88,
1998.
256.
PALMER, G.S., CLANCY, M.C., HAWLEY, J.A.,
RODGER, I.M., BURKE, L.M., NOAKES, T.D.
Carbohydrate ingestion immediately before
exercise does not improve trial performance
in well trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med
19(6): 415-418, 1998.
257.
BURKE, L.M., CLAASSEN, A., HAWLEY, J.A.,
NOAKES, T.D. Carbohydrate intake during
prolonged cycling minimizes the effects of
the glycemic index of the pre-exercise
meal. J Appl Physiol 85(6): 2220-2226,
1998.
258.
DERMAN, W., NOAKES, T.D. Sudden
cardiac death in athletes. Trauma Emerg Med
15(3): 40-47, 1998.
259.
FRANKLIN, B.A., FLETCHER, G.F., GORDON,
N.F., NOAKES, T.D., ADES, P.A.,
BALADY, G.J. Cardiovascular evaluation of
the athlete. Sports Med 24(2): 97-119,
1997.
260.
LAMBERT, M.I., TITLESTAD, S.D., SCHWELLNUS,
M.P. Prevalence of androgenic-anabolic
steroid use in adolescents in two regions of
South Africa. S Afr Med J. 88(7): 876-880,
1997.
261.
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D., HAWLEY,
J.A. Nutritional strategies to minimize
fatigue during prolonged exercise: fluid,
electrolyte and energy replacement. J
Sports Sci 15: 305-313, 1997.
262.
LAMBERT, E.V., HAWLEY, J.A. GOEDECKE, J.,
NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS, S.C. Nutritional
strategies for promoting fat utilization
during moderate-to-high intensity exercise.
J Sports Sci 15: 315-324,1997.
263.
CHENG, B., KARAMIZRAK, O., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C., LAMBERT, E.V. Time course of
the effects of a high-fat diet and voluntary
exercise on muscle enzymes activity in
Long-Evans rats. Physiol and Behaviour
61(5): 701-705, 1997.
264.
HAWLEY, J.A., PALMER, G.S., NOAKES, T.D.
Effects of 3 days of carbohydrate
supplementation on muscle glycogen content
and utilisation during a 1-h cycling
performance. Europ J Appl Physiol 75:
407-412, 1997.
265.
HAWLEY, J.A., SCHABORT, E.J., NOAKES,
T.D., DENNIS, S.C. Carbohydrate loading
and exercise performance: An update. Sports
Med 24(2): 73-81, 1997.
266.
NOAKES, T.D.
J B Wolffe Memorial Lecture. Challenging
beliefs: Ex Africa semper aliquid novi. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 29: 571-590, 1997.
267.
HAWLEY, J.A., MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Training techniques to improve
fatigue resistance and enhance endurance
performance. J Sports Sci 15: 325-333,1997.
268.
PALMER, G.S., NOAKES, T.D., HAWLEY,
J.A. Effects of steady-state versus
stochastic exercise on subsequent cycling
performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 29(5):
684-687, 1997.
269.
WESTGARTH-TAYLOR, C., HAWLEY, J.A., RICKARD,
S., MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Metabolic and performance
adaptations to interval training in
endurance-trained cyclists. Europ J Appl
Physiol 75: 298-304, 1997.
270.
WESTON, A.R., MYBURGH, K.H., LINDSAY, F.H.,
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D., HAWLEY,
J.A. Skeletal muscle buffering capacity and
endurance performance after high-intensity
interval training by well-trained cyclists.
Eur J Appl Physiol 75: 7-13, 1997.
271.
BAM, J., NOAKES, T.D., JURITZ, J.,
DENNIS, S.C. Could women outrun men in
ultramarathon races? Med Sci Sports Exerc
29 (2): 244-247, 1997.
272.
DERMAN, W., SCHWELLNUS, M.P., LAMBERT, M.I.,
EMMS, M., SINCLAIR-SMITH,C., KIRBY, P.,
NOAKES, T.D. “The worn out athlete” - a
clinical approach to chronic fatigue in
athletes. J Sports Sci 15: 341-351, 1997.
273.
SCHWELLNUS, M.P., DERMAN, E.W., NOAKES,
T.D. Aetiology of skeletal muscle
‘cramps’ during exercise: A novel
hypothesis. J Sports Sci 15: 277-285, 1997.
274.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., NOAKES, T.D.
The collapsed
ultraendurance athlete: Proposed mechanisms
and an approach to management. Clin J Sport
Med 7: 292-301, 1997.
275.
GREENBLATT, D., DIESEL, W., NOAKES, T.D.
Clinical
assessment of the low-cost VariCom
isokinetic knee exerciser. Med Eng Phys
19(3): 273-278, 1997.
276.
ST
CLAIR GIBSON, A., LAMBERT, M.I., MILLIGAN,
J., VAN DER MERWE, W., WALTERS, J.,
NOAKES, T.D. Intra-operative pneumatic
tourniquet - perceptions of use and
complications in the orthopaedic community
of South Africa. S Afr Med J 86: 1281-1284,
1996.
277.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., NOAKES, T.D.
Elbow, forearm,
wrist, and hand injuries among sport rock
climbers. Clin J Sports Med 6(3): 196-203,
1996.
278.
UPTON, P.A.H., ROUX, C.E., NOAKES, T.D.
Inadequate pre-season preparation of
schoolboy rugby players - a survey of
players at 25 Cape Province high schools. S
Afr Med J 86(5): 531-533, 1996.
279.
UPTON, P.A.H., NOAKES, T.D., JURITZ,
J. Thermal pants may reduce the risk of
recurrent hamstring injuries in rugby
players. Br J Sports Med 30(1): 57-60,
1996.
280.
NOAKES, T.D.
Heat disorders in sport. Sports Medicine,
Nov, 3(4): 4‑9, 1996.
281.
NOAKES, T.D.
Coping with a vigorous press. Sports
Medicine, Nov., 3(4): 2 & 18, 1996.
282.
PETERS, E.M., GOETZSCHE, J.M., JOSEPH, L.E.,
NOAKES, T.D. Vitamin C as effective
as combinations of anti-oxidant nutrients in
reducing symptoms of upper respiratory tract
infection in ultramarathon runners. S Afr J
Sports Med 3(1): 23-27, 1996.
283.
COOPER, C.J., DUNNE, T., ROCHFORD, K.,
LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D. A high
prevalence of abnormal personality traits in
chronic users of anabolic-androgenic
steroids. Br J Sports Med 30: 1-5, 1996.
284.
GILLIES, H., DERMAN, W.E., NOAKES, T.D.,
SMITH, P., EVANS, A., GABRIELS, G.
Pseudoephedrine is without ergogenic effects
during prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol
81(6): 2611-2617, 1996.
285.
LINDSAY, F.H., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.,
SCHOMER, H.H., WESTON, A.R., MYBURGH, K.H.,
HAWLEY, J.A. Improved athletic performance
in highly-trained cyclists after interval
training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 28:
1427-1434, 1996.
286.
LAMBERT, M.I., VAN ZYL, C., JAUNKY, R.,
LAMBERT, E.V., NOAKES, T.D. Tests of
running performance do not predict
subsequent spontaneous running in rats.
Physiol Behav 60(1): 171-176, 1996.
287.
WESTON, A.R., WILSON, G.R., NOAKES, T.D.,
MYBURGH, K.H. Skeletal muscle buffering
capacity is higher in the superficial vastus
than in the soleus of spontaneously running
rats. Acta Physiol Scand 157: 211-216,
1996.
288.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., SCHWELLNUS, M.P.,
NOAKES, T.D.
Anthropometric and muscle strength
measurements of competitive South African
rock climbers. S Afr J Sports Med 3(4):
13-18, 1996.
289.
PALMER, G.S., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.,
HAWLEY, J.A. Assessment of the
reproducibility of performance testing on an
air-braked cycle ergometer. Int J Sports
Med 17(4): 293-298, 1996.
290.
NOAKES, T.D.
Editorial. S Afr J Sports Med 3(4): 1,
1996.
291.
BOSCH, A.N., WELTAN, S.M., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Fuel substrate turnover
and oxidation and glycogen sparing with
carbohydrate ingestion in
non-carbohydrate-loaded cyclists. Pflugers
Arch 432: 1003-1010, 1996.
292.
DERMAN, K.D., HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Fuel kinetics during intense
running and cycling when fed carbohydrate.
Europ J Appl Physiol 74: 36-43, 1996.
293.
VAN ZYL, C., LAMBERT, E.V., HAWLEY, J.A.,
NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS, S.C. Effects of
medium-chain triglycerides ingestion on
carbohydrate metabolism and endurance
cycling performance. J Appl Physiol 80(6):
2217-2225, 1996.
294.
BOSCH, A.N., WELTAN, S.M., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Fuel substrate kinetics of
carbohydrate loading differs from that of
carbohydrate ingestion during prolonged
exercise. Metabolism 45(4): 415-423, 1996.
295.
ZEEDERBERG, C., LEACH, L., LAMBERT, E.V.,
NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS, S.C., HAWLEY,
J.A. The effect of carbohydrate ingestion
on the motor skill proficiency of soccer
players. Int J Sports Nutr 6: 348-355,
1996.
296.
DIGENIO, A.G., CANTOR, A., NOAKES, T.D.,
CLOETE, L., MAVUNDLA, D., ESSER, J.D. Is
severe left ventricular dysfunction a
contraindication to participation in an
exercise rehabilitation programme? S Afr
Med J 86(9): 1106-1109, 1996.
297.
GILLIES, H.C., DERMAN, E.W., NOAKES, T.D.
Effects of amlodipine on exercise
performance and cardiovascular and skeletal
muscle function in physically active
hypertensive patients. Clin Drug Invest
Sept 12(3): 135-145, 1996.
298.
BLAIR, S.N., BOOTH, M., GYARFAS, I, IWANE,
H., MARTI, B., MATSUDO, V., MORROW, M.S.,
NOAKES, T.D., SHEPHARD, R. Development
of public policy and physical activity
initiatives internationally. Sports Med
21(3): 157-163, 1996.
299.
NOAKES, T.D.
Fatal cycling injuries. Sports Med 20(5):
348-362, 1995.
300.
REYNOLDS, J.F., NOAKES, T.D.,
SCHWELLNUS, M.P., WINDT, A., BOWERBANK, P.
Nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs fail to
enhance healing of acute hamstring injuries
treated with physiotherapy. S Afr Med J 85
(6): 515-522, 1995.
301.
JANKELOWITZ, L.M., SCHWELLNUS, M.P.,
NOAKES, T.D. The efficacy of low power
laser irradiation in the treatment of
chronic tendonitis in athletes. S Afr J
Sports Med 2(1): 29-35, 1995.
302.
DERMAN, K., DERMAN, E.W., NOAKES, T.D.
A lumbar body
support (KBS 2000) alters lumbar muscle
recruitment patterns in patients with
acute-upon-chronic lower back pain. S Afr
Med J 85(4): 278-282, 1995.
303.
NOAKES, T.D.,
JAKOET, I. Spinal cord injuries in rugby
union. Br Med J 310 (6991): 1345-1346,
1995.
304.
MICKLESFIELD, L.K., LAMBERT, E.V., FATAAR,
A.B., NOAKES, T.D., MYBURGH, K.H.
Bone mineral density in mature,
premenopausal ultramarathon runners. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 27(5): 688-696, 1995.
305.
RAUCH, L.H.G., BOSCH, A.N., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D., HAWLEY, J.A. Fuel
utilization during prolonged low-to-moderate
intensity exercise when ingesting water or
carbohydrate. Pflugers Arch – Eur. J.
Physiol., 430: 971-977, 1995.
306.
MACRAE, H.S., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Effects of endurance-training on
lactate removal by oxidation and
gluconeogenesis during exercise. Pflugers
Arch 430: 964-970, 1995.
307.
MacRAE, H. S-H., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Role of decreased carbohydrate
oxidation on slower rises in ventilation
with increasing exercise intensity after
training. Europ J Appl Physiol 71: 523-529,
1995.
308.
RAUCH, L.G.H., RODGER, I., WILSON, G.,
BELONJE, J.D., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.,
HAWLEY, J.A. The effects of starting leg
muscle glycogen content on cycling
performance. Int J Sports Nutr 5: 25-36,
1995.
309.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., NOAKES, T.D.
The prevalence and
significance of post-exercise (postural)
hypotension in ultramarathon runners. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 27(12): 1595-1601, 1995.
310.
HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Electrolyte and nutrient replacement
during exercise: Is there an upper limit?
An invited review. Modern Med., 20(7):
97-105, 1995.
311.
NOAKES, T.D.
Dehydration during exercise - what are the
real dangers? Clin J Sport Med 5(2):
123-128, 1995.
312.
LAMBERT, M., LAMBERT, E.V., BOCK, L.,
NOAKES, T.D. The effect of protein
supplementation on muscle strength and body
composition in body builders. S Afr J
Sports Med 2(1): 25-28, 1995.
313.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., LINDSAY, F.H.,
NOAKES, T.D. Nutritional practices
of athletes: Are they sub-optimal? J Sports
Sci 13: S75-S87, 1995.
314.
DENNIS, S.C., HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D.
Limits to the replacement of fluid,
electrolytes and energy during prolonged
exercise. S Afr J Sports Med 2(1): 4-9,
1995.
315.
NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise associated collapse: what role does
dehydration play? Modern Medicine 20(4):
54-63, 1995.
316.
ROBINSON, T.A., HAWLEY, J.A., PALMER, G.S.,
WILSON, G.R., GRAY, D.A., NOAKES, T.D.,
DENNIS, S.C. Water ingestion does not
improve 1-h cycling performance in moderate
ambient temperatures. Europ J Appl Physiol
71: 153-160, 1995.
317.
SELLEY, E.A., KOLBE, T., VAN ZYL, C.G.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT, M.I. Running
intensity as determined by heart rate is the
same in fast and slow runners in both the
10- and 21-km races. J Sports Sci 13:
405-410, 1995.
318.
KOLBE, T., DENNIS, S.C., SELLEY, E.,
NOAKES, T.D., LAMBERT, M.I. The
relationship between critical power and
running performance. J Sports Sci 13:
265-269, 1995.
319.
PALMER, G., HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Heart rate resonses during
a 4-d cycle stage race. Med Sci Sports
Exerc., 26(10): 1278-1283, 1994.
320.
BOSCH, A.N., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on fuel
substrate turnover and oxidation during
prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 76:
2364-2372, 1994.
321.
LAMBERT, E.V., WOODING, G., LAMBERT, M.I.,
KOESLAG, J.H., NOAKES, T.D. Enhanced
adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity
in detrained rats: independent of changes in
food intake. J Appl Physiol 77(6):
2564-2571, 1994.
322.
LAMBERT, E.V., SPEECHLY, D.S., DENNIS, S.C.,
NOAKES, T.D. Enhanced endurance in
trained cyclists during moderate intensity
exercise following 2 weeks adaptation to a
high fat diet. Europ J Appl Physiol 69:
287-293, 1994.
323.
HAWLEY, J.A., BOSCH, A.N., WELTAN, S.M.,
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D. Glucose
kinetics during prolonged exercise in
hyperglycaemic and euglycaemic subjects.
Europ J Physiol (Pflug Arch) 426: 378-386,
1994.
324.
HAWLEY, J.A., BOSCH, A.N., WELTAN, S.M.,
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D. Effects
of glucose ingestion or glucose infusion on
fuel substrate kinetics during prolonged
exercise. Europ J Appl Physiol 68: 381-389,
1994.
325.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Carbohydrate, fluid, and electrolyte
requirements of the soccer players: A
review. Int J Sport Nutr 4: 221-236, 1994.
326.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Carbohydrate supplementation during
prolonged exercise: An historical
perspective. N Z J Sports Med 22(1): 6-11,
1994.
327.
ADJOA, S.A., BOUCHARD, C., COETZER, P.,
NOAKES, T.D., DIONNE, F.T.
Nuclear-encoded subunits of human cytochrome
c oxidase: SstI restriction fragment length
polymorphism. Hum Genet 93: 347-348, 1994.
328.
WALSH, R.M., NOAKES, T.D., HAWLEY,
J.A., DENNIS, S.C. Impaired high-intensity
cycling performance time at low levels of
dehydration. Int J Sports Med 15(7):
392-398, 1994.
329.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M, NOAKES, T.D.,
KRONING, B., DE KLERK, M., ROBERTS, M.,
EMSLEY, R.
Clinical and biochemical characteristics of
collapsed ultramarathon runners. Med Sci
Sports Exerc 26(9): 1095-1101, 1994.
330.
LE
GRANGE, D., TIBBS, J., NOAKES, T.D.
Implications of a diagnosis of anorexia
nervosa in a ballet school. Int J Eating
Disorders 15(4): 369-376, 1994.
331.
SPARLING, P.B., NOAKES, T.D., STEYN,
K., JORDAAN, E., JOOSTE, P.L., BOURNE, L.T.,
BADENHORST, C. Level of physical activity
and CHD risk factors in black South African
men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26(7): 896-902,
1994.
332.
NOAKES, T.D.
The dynamic disorders of skeletal muscle
metabolism with special reference to
exercise. S Afr J Sports Med 1(1): 6-10,
1994.
333.
SURVE, I., SCHWELLNUS, M.P., NOAKES, T.D.,
LOMBARD, C. A fivefold reduction in the
incidence of recurrent ankle sprains in
soccer players using the sport-stirrup.
Amer J Sports Med 22(5): 601-606, 1994.
334.
PETERS EM, GOETZSCHE JM, GROBBELAAR B,
NOAKES, T.D.. Vitamin C supplementation
reduces the incidence of postrace symptoms
of upper-respiratory-tract infection in
ultramarathon runners. Am J Clin Nutr, Feb,
57(2): 170-174, 1993.
335.
NOAKES, T.D.
Fluid replacement during exercise. Exerc
Sports Sci Rev 21: 297-330, 1993.
336.
NOAKES, T.D.
Fluid replacement during exercise. CME.
11(2): 283-287, 1993.
337.
NOAKES, T.D.
Children in sport. CME 11: 311-314, 1993.
338.
COETZER, P., NOAKES, T.D., SANDERS,
B., LAMBERT, M.I., BOSCH, A.N., WIGGINS, T.,
DENNIS, S.C. Superior fatigue resistance of
elite black South African distance runners.
J Appl Physiol 75(4): 1822-1827, 1993.
339.
DIESEL, W., EMMS, M., KNIGHT, B., NOAKES,
T.D., SWANEPOEL, C., VAN ZYL-SMIT, R.,
KASCHULA, R.O.C. Morphologic features of
the myopathy associated with chronic renal
failure. Amer J Kidney Dis 22(5): 677-684,
1993.
340.
DERMAN, E.W., SIMS, R., NOAKES, T.D.
Comparative effects of cilazapril, atenolol
and nifedipine on maximal exercise
performance. Amer J Med 95: 345, 1993.
341.
DERMAN, W.E., DUNBAR, F., HAUS, M., LAMBERT,
M., NOAKES, T.D.
Chronic beta-blockade
does not influence muscle power output
during high-intensity exercise of
short-duration. Eur J Appl Physiol 67:
415-419, 1993.
342.
BOSCH, A.N., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Influence of carbohydrate loading on fuel
substrate turnover and oxidation during
prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 74(4):
1921-1927, 1993.
343.
DERMAN, W.E., SIMS, R., NOAKES, T.D.
The effects of antihypertensive medications
on the physiological response to maximal
exercise testing. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
19(Suppl 5): S122-S127, 1992.
344.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., NOWITZ, A.,
BROUNS, F., NOAKES, T.D. Exogenous
carbohydrate oxidation from maltose and
glucose ingested during prolonged exercise.
Europ J Appl Physiol 64: 523-527, 1992.
345.
MOODLEY, D., NOAKES, T.D., BOSCH,
A.N., HAWLEY, J.A., SCHALL, R., DENNIS,
S.C. Oxidation of exogenous carbohydrate
during prolonged exercise: The effects of
the carbohydrate type and its
concentration. Europ J Appl Physiol 64:
328-334, 1992.
346.
MacRAE, H.S-H., DENNIS, S.C., BOSCH, A.N.,
NOAKES, T.D. Effects of training on
lactate production and removal during
progressive exercise in humans. J Appl
Physiol 72(5): 1649-1656, 1992.
347.
DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D., BOSCH,
A. Ventilation and blood lactate increase
exponentially during incremental exercise.
J Sports Sci 10: 437-449, 1992.
348.
TERBLANCHE, S., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C., MARAIS, DeW., ECKERT, M. Failure of
magnesium supplementation to influence
marathon running performance or recovery in
magnesium-replete subjects. Int J Sport
Nutr 2: 154-164, 1992.
349.
HAWLEY, J.A., NOAKES, T.D. Peak
power output predicts maximal oxygen uptake
and performance time in trained cyclists.
Europ J Appl Physiol 65: 79-83, 1992.
350.
LIEFELDT, G., NOAKES, T.D., DENNIS,
S.C. Oxygen
delivery does not limit peak running speed
during incremental downhill running to
exhaustion. Europ J Appl Physiol 64:
493-496, 1992.
351.
RODGERS, A.L., COX, T.A., NOAKES, T.D.,
LOMBARD, C. Crystalluria in marathon
runners IV. Black subjects. Urol Res
20(1): 27-33, 1992.
352.
WEIGHT L.M., KLEIN M., NOAKES, T.D.,
JACOBS P., ‘Sports anemia’ – a real or
apparent phenomenon in endurance-trained
athletes? International Journal of Sports
Medicine, May, 13(4): 344-347, 1992.
353.
NOAKES, T.D.
The hyponatremia of exercise. Int J Sport
Nutr 2(3): 205-228, 1992.
354.
NOAKES, T.D.
Hyponatremia during endurance running: a
physiological and clinical interpretation.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 24(4): 403-405, 1992.
355.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., NOAKES, T.D.
Oxidation of carbohydrate ingested during
prolonged exercise. Sports Med 14(1):
27-42, 1992.
356.
NOAKES, T.D.
Anabolic steroids. S Afr Med J 82: 143-145,
1992.
357.
MYBURGH, K.H., WATKIN, V.A., NOAKES, T.D.
Are risk factors for menstrual dysfunction
cumulative? Physcn Sportsmed 20(4):
114-125, 1992.
358.
HOLTZHAUSEN, L-M., NOAKES, T.D.
Stress fracture of
the sacrum in two distance runners. Clin J
Sport Med 2(2): 139-142, 1992.
359.
WEIGHT, L.M., JACOBS, P., NOAKES, T.D.
Dietary iron deficiency and sports anaemia.
Brit J Nutr 68; 253-260, 1992.
360.
SCHWELLNUS, M.P., THEUNISSEN, L., NOAKES,
T.D., REINACH, S.G.
Anti-inflammatory and
combined anti-inflammatory/analgesic
medication in the early management of
iliotibial band friction syndrome. S Afr
Med J 79: 602-606, 1991.
361.
KEW, T., NOAKES, T.D., ROUX, C.,
KETTLES, A.N., GOEDEKE, R., NEWTON, D.,
SCHER, A. A retrospective study of spinal
cord injuries in Cape rugby players:
1963-1989. S Afr Med J 80: 127-133, 1991.
362.
WATKIN, A., MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D.
Low nutrient intake does not cause the
menstrual cycle interval disturbances seen
in some ultramarathon runners. Clin J Sport
Med 1: 154-161, 1991.
363.
NOAKES, T.D.
Supplementation in perspective. Magnesium
Bulletin, Vol 3:1, pp. 2-3, 1991.
364.
HAWLEY, J.A., DENNIS, S.C., LAIDLER, B.J.,
BOSCH, A.N., NOAKES, T.D., BROUNS,
F. High rates of exogenous carbohydrate
oxidation from starch ingested during
prolonged exercise. J Appl Physiol 71(5):
1801-1806: 1991.
365.
NOAKES, T.D.
Energy utilization and repletion during
endurance exercise: An historical
perspective. J Human Nutr Dietetics 4:
45-55, 1991.
366.
RODGERS, A.L., GREYLING, K.G., NOAKES,
T.D. Crystalluria in marathon runners
III. Stone forming subject. Urol Res 19:
189-192, 1991.
367.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., BUCK, R.,
VAN ZYL SMIT, R., RAINE, E., GODLONTON, J.,
NORMAN, R.J. Evaluation of renal function
and fluid homeostasis during recovery from
exercise induced hyponatremia. J Appl
Physiol 70: 342-348, 1991.
368.
NOAKES, T.D.,
BERLINSKI N., SOLOMON, E., WEIGHT, L.M. The
biochemical results of intravenous fluid
therapy in collapsed ultramarathon runners.
Physcn Sportsmed 19(7): 70-81, 1991.
369.
NOAKES, T.D.
The collapsed endurance athlete - time to
rethink our management? Sports Training,
Med Rehab 2: 171-191, 1991.
370.
NOAKES, T.D.,
MYBURGH, K.H., DU PLESSIS, J.H., LANG, L.,
LAMBERT, M. Metabolic rate not percent
dehydration predicts rectal temperature
after marathon running. Med Sci Sports Exerc
23(4): 443-449, 1991.
371.
NOAKES, T.D.,
REHRER, N.J., MAUGHAN, R.J. The importance
of volume in regulating gastric emptying.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 23(3): 307-313, 1991.
372.
MAUGHAN, R.J., NOAKES, T.D. Fluid
replacement and exercise stress. A brief
review of studies on fluid replacement and
some guidelines for the athlete. Sports
Medicine 12(1): 16-31, 1991.
373.
DERMAN, E.W., HAUS, M., DUNBAR, F.,
NOAKES, T.D.
Cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic
effects of nebivolol during maximal and
submaximal exercise performance. Drug
Investigation 3(Suppl 1): 33-39, 1991.
374.
NOAKES, T.D.
Sudden death in athletes. CME 9(8):
958-969, 1991.
375.
NOAKES, T.D.
The dehydration myth and carbohydrate
replacement during prolonged exercise.
Cycling Science 2(2): 23-29, 1990.
376.
NOAKES, T.D.
Fluid and mineral needs. In: Current
therapy in Sports Medicine - 2. B.C. Decker
Inc., Toronto, pp 145-149, 1990.
377.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., BURGER,
C., MYBURGH, K.H., QUERIDO, D., VAN ZYL
SMIT, R. Plasma volume and renal function
during and after ultramarathon running. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 22 (5): 581-587, 1990.
378.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., RAINE,
R.I., VAN ZYL SMIT, R. Case report:
Transient oliguria with renal tubular
dysfunction after a 90 km ultramarathon
running race. Comparison with controls.
Med Sci Sports Exerc 22(6): 756-761, 1990.
379.
NOAKES, T.D.,
NORMAN, R.J., BUCK, R.H., GODLONTON, J.,
STEVENSON, K., PITTAWAY, D. The incidence
of hyponatremia during prolonged
ultra-endurance exercise. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 22(2): 165-170, 1990.
380.
KEMPENEERS, G.L.G., MYBURGH, K.H., WIGGINS,
T., ADAMS, B., VAN ZYL-SMIT, R., NOAKES,
T.D. Skeletal muscle factors limiting
exercise tolerance of renal transplant
recipients: effects of a graded exercise
training programme. Amer J Kidney Dis 14:
57-65, 1990.
381.
DIESEL, W., NOAKES, T.D., SWANEPOEL
C., LAMBERT, M. Isokinetic muscle strength
predicts maximum exercise tolerance in renal
patients on chronic hemodialysis. Amer J
Kid Dis 14 (2): 109-114, 1990.
382.
NOAKES, T.D.,
MYBURGH, K.H., SCHALL, R. Peak treadmill
running velocity during the VO2 max test
predicts running performance. J Sport Sci
8: 35-45, 1990.
383.
BOSCH, A.N., GOSLIN, B.R., NOAKES, T.D.
Physiological differences between black and
white runners during a treadmill marathon.
Europ J Appl Physiol 61: 68-72, 1990.
384.
LAMBERT, M.I., NOAKES, T.D.
Spontaneous running increases VO2 max and
running performance in rats. J Appl Physiol
68(1): 400-403, 1990.
385.
MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D. Weight
control in athletes: a healthy practice?
CME 8(3): 297-301, 1990.
386.
MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D. Risk
factors for menstrual dysfunction athletes.
The role of training, percentage body fat,
nutrition and psychological factors. CME
8(3): 269-276, 1990.
387.
MYBURGH, K.H., HUTCHINS, J., FATAAR, A.B.,
HOUGH, S.F., NOAKES, T.D. Low bone
density is an etiological factor for the
development of stress fractures in
athletes. Ann Int Med 113(10): 754-759,
1990.
388.
CLARK, D.R., ROUX, C., NOAKES, T.D.
A prospective study of the incidence and
nature of injuries to adult rugby players.
S Afr Med J 77: 559-562, 1990.
389.
SCHWELLNUS, M.P., JORDAAN, G., NOAKES,
T.D. Prevention of common overuse
injuries by the use of shock absorbing
insoles. A prospective study. Amer J
Sports Med 18(6): 636-641, 1990.
390.
COHEN, J.C., NOAKES, T.D., BENADE,
A.J.S. Postprandial lipemia and chylomicron
clearance in athletes and sedentary men. Am
J Clin Nutr 49: 443-447, 1989.
391.
SOLE, C.C., NOAKES, T.D. Faster
gastric emptying for glucose-polymer and
fructose solutions than for glucose in
humans. Europ J Appl Physiol 58: 605-612,
1989.
392.
LAMBERT M., NOAKES, T.D.
Dissociation of changes in VO2 max, muscle
QO2 and performance with training in rats.
J Appl Physiol 66: 1620-1625, 1989.
393.
KRUSS, J., GORDON, J., MYBURGH, K.H.,
NOAKES, T.D. The influence of inborn
athletic potential on choice of profession
and exercise habits of paramedical
students. S Afr Med J 76: 538-541, 1989.
394.
NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise-associated collapse. The role of
fluid and electrolyte balance. Sci J
Georgia Baptist Med Center_x(1): 9-15, 1989.
395.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., VAN ZYL
SMIT, R. Metabolic and renal changes in two
athletes during a world 24 hour relay record
performance. Br J Sports Med 23: 227-232,
1989.
396.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H.
Substrates for maximum mechanical function
in isolated perfused working rat heart. J
Appl Cardiol 4: 391-405, 1989.
397.
POSEL, D., NOAKES, T.D., KANTOR, P.,
LAMBERT, M., OPIE, L.H. Exercise training
after experimental myocardial infarction
increases the ventricular fibrillation
threshold before and after the onset of
reinfarction in the isolated rat heart.
Circulation 80: 138-145, 1989.
398.
KING, M.J., NOAKES, T.D., WEINBERG,
E.G. Physiological effects of a physical
training programme in children with
exercise-induced asthma. Ped Exerc Sci 1:
137-144, 1989.
399.
NOAKES, T.D.
Should schoolboys play only rugby and
cricket at school? Pedmed 3(4): 4-8, 1989.
400.
MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D., ROODT,
M., HOUGH, F.S. Effect of exercise on the
development of osteoporosis in adult rats.
J Appl Physiol 66(1): 14-19, 1989
401.
KEMPENEERS, G.L.G., MYBURGH, K.H., WIGGINS,
T., ADAMS, B., VAN ZYL-SMIT, R., NOAKES,
T.D. The effect of an exercise training
program in renal transplant recipients.
Transplant Proc 20: 381-382, 1988.
402.
NOAKES, T.D.
Implications of exercise testing for
prediction of athletic performance: A
contemporary perspective. Med Sci Sports
Exerc 20: 319-330, 1988.
403.
JARDINE, M.A., WIGGINS, T.M., MYBURGH, K.H.,
NOAKES, T.D. Physiological
characteristics of rugby players including
muscle glycogen content and muscle fibre
composition. S Afr Med J 73: 529-532, 1988.
404.
WEIGHT, L.M., MYBURGH, K.H., NOAKES, T.D.
Vitamin and mineral supplementation: effect
on the running performance of trained
athletes. Am J Clin Nutr 47: 192-195, 1988.
405.
RODGERS, A.L., GREYLING, K.G., IRVING, R.A..
NOAKES, T.D. Crystalluria in
marathon runners. II. Ultra-marathon - Males
and Females. Urol Res 16: 89-93, 1988.
406.
NOAKES, T.D.
Editorial: Why marathon runners collapse.
S Afr Med J 73: 569-570, 1988.
407.
SANDELL, R.C., PASCOE, M.D., NOAKES, T.D.
Factors associated with collapse following
ultramarathon foot races. A preliminary
study. Physcn Sportsmed 16(Sept): 86-94,
1988.
408.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ADAMS, B.A., GREEF, C., LOTZ, T., NATHAN,
M. The danger of an inadequate water intake
during prolonged exercise. A novel concept
revisited. Europ J. Appl Physiol 57:
210-219, 1988.
409.
WEIGHT, L.M., NOAKES, T.D.,
LABADARIOS, D., GRAVES, J., JACOBS, P.,
BERMAN, P.A. Vitamin and mineral status of
trained athletes including the effects of
supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 47:
186-191, 1988.
410.
NOAKES, T.D.,
LAMBERT, V.E., LAMBERT, M.I., McARTHUR, P.,
MYBURGH, K., BENADE, A.J.S. Carbohydrate
ingestion and muscle glycogen depletion
during marathon and ultramarathon racing.
Europ J Appl Physiol 57: 482-489, 1988.
411.
COHEN, J.C., NOAKES, T.D., BENADE,
A.J.S. Serum triglyceride responses to fat
meals: Effects of meal size and fat
content. Am J Clin Nutr 47: 825-827, 1988.
412.
COHEN, J.C., NOAKES, T.D., BENADE,
A.J.S. Hypercholesterolemia in male power
lifters using anabolic-androgenic steroids.
Physcn Sportsmed 16 (August): 49-56, 1988.
413.
NOAKES, T.D.,
VAN GEND, M.A. Menstrual dysfunction in
female athletes. A review for clinicians.
S Afr Med J 73: 350-355, 1988.
414.
RIPPON, C., NASH, J., MYBURGH, K.H.,
NOAKES, T.D. Abnormal eating attitude
test scores predict menstrual dysfunction in
lean females. Int J Eating Disorders 7(5):
617-627, 1988.
415.
MYBURGH, K.H., GROBLER, N., NOAKES, T.D.
Factors associated with shin soreness in
athletes. Physcn Sportsmed 16: 129-134,
1988.
416.
NOAKES, T.D.
Rehabilitation through exercise after acute
myocardial infarction. CME 6: 79-86, 1988.
417.
NOAKES, T.D.
How much exercise is needed to keep
healthy? CME 6: 25-33, 1988.
418.
ROUX, C., GOEDEKE, R., VISSER, G.R., VAN
ZYL, A.W., NOAKES, T.D. The
epidemiology of schoolboy rugby injuries. S
Afr Med J 71: 307-313, 1987.
419.
WEIGHT, L., NOAKES, T.D. Is running
an analogue of anorexia? A survey of eating
disorders in female distance runners. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 19: 213-217, 1987.
420.
VAN GEND, M.A., NOAKES, T.D.
Menstrual patterns of ultra-marathon
runners. S Afr Med J 72: 788-793, 1987.
421.
PETERS, E., NOAKES, T.D., TERBLANCHE,
F., RAINE, R. Muscle glycogen repletion
during active post-exercise recovery. Am J
Physiol 253: E305-E311, 1987.
422.
NOAKES, T.D.
Heart disease in marathon runners. A
review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19: 187-194,
1987.
423.
WEIR, J., NOAKES, T.D., MYBURGH, K.,
ADAMS, B.A. A high carbohydrate diet
negates the metabolic effects of caffeine
during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 19:
100-105, 1987.
424.
NOAKES, T.D.
Effect of exercise on serum enzyme
activities in humans. Sports Med 4:
245-267, 1987.
425.
MATTER, M., STITTFALL, T., ADAMS, B.,
MYBURGH, K., GRAVES, J., JACOBS, P.,
NOAKES, T.D. The effects of iron and
folate therapy on maximal exercise
performance in iron and folate deficiency.
Clin Sci 72: 415-422, 1987.
426.
COHEN, J.C., FABER, W.M., BENADE, A.J.,
NOAKES, T.D. Altered serum lipoprotein
profiles in male and female power lifters
ingesting anabolic steroids. Physcn
Sportsmed 14 (June): 131-136, 1986.
427.
SCRIMGEOUR, A.G., NOAKES, T.D.,
ADAMS, B., MYBURGH, K. The influence of
weekly training distance on fractional
utilization of maximal aerobic capacity in
marathon and ultra-marathon runners. Europ
J Appl Physiol 55: 202-209, 1986.
428.
STEENKAMP, I., FULLER, C., GRAVES, J.,
NOAKES, T.D., JACOBS, P. Marathon
training and racing fails to influence red
blood cell survival rates in iron-replete
female runners. Physcn Sportsmed 14 (May):
89-95, 1986.
429.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., IRVING,
G.A., VAN ZYL SMIT, R. The immediate and
delayed effects of marathon running on renal
function. J Urol 136: 1176-1180, 1986.
430.
NOAKES, T.D.,
BENADE, A.J.S., JOOSTE, P.L., VAN ZYL, F.
An analysis of the physical activity
patterns of a rural Afrikaner population in
the South Western Cape. S Afr Med J 69:
803-806, 1986.
431.
IRVING, R.A., NOAKES, T.D., RODGERS,
A., SCHWARTZ, L. Crystalluria in marathon
runners. I. White males. Urol Res 14:
289-294, 1986.
432.
NOAKES, T.D.
The role of exercise in health promotion.
CME 4: 119-124, 1986.
433.
PRETORIUS, D.M., NOAKES, T.D.,
IRVING, G.A., ALLERTON, K.E. Runner's
knee. What is it and how should it be
treated? Physcn Sportsmed 14 (December):
71-81, 1986.
434.
IRVING, G.A., NOAKES, T.D. The
protective role of local hypothermia in
tourniquet- induced muscle ischaemia. J
Bone Joint Surg 67-B: 297-301, 1985.
435.
NOAKES, T.D.,
SMITH, J.A., LINDENBERG, G., WILLS, C.E.
Pelvic stress fractures in long distance
runners. Am J Sports Med 13: 120-123, 1985.
436.
NOAKES, T.D.,
GOODWIN, N., RAYNER, B.L., BRANKEN, T.,
TAYLOR, R.K.N. Water intoxication: a
possible complication during endurance
exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 17(3):
370-375, 1985.
437.
NOAKES, T.D.,
NATHAN, M., IRVING, R.A., VAN ZYL SMIT, R.,
MEISSNER, P., KOTZENBERG, G., VICTOR, T.
Physiological and biochemical measurements
during a 4-day surf-ski marathon. S Afr Med
J 67: 212-216, 1985.
438.
BARRON, J., NOAKES, T.D., SMITH, S.,
LEVY, W., MILLAR, R.P. Hypothalamic
dysfunction in overtrained athletes. J Clin
Endocrinol Metab 60: 803-806, 1985.
439.
NOAKES, T.D.,
McARTHUR, P.S. Carbohydrate metabolism
during prolonged exercise - experimental
studies to determine the optimum
carbohydrate replacement solution for
prolonged exercise. S Afr J Sports Med 28:
7-12, 1985.
440.
VAN DER WERFF, T.J., NOAKES, T.D.,
DOUGLAS, R.J. The effects of changes in
heart rate and arterial filling pressure on
the performance characteristics of isolated
perfused pumping rat hearts. Clin Phys
Physiol Meas 6: 205-219, 1985.
441.
MORRISON, J.F., VAN MALSEN, S., NOAKES,
T.D. The relationship between
leisure-time physical activity levels,
cardiovascular fitness and coronary risk
factors in 1000 White Zimbabweans. S Afr
Med J 65: 250-256, 1984.
442.
SCHOMER, H., NOAKES, T.D., GIESE, H.
The effect of a Physical Rehabilitation
programme on the psychological constitution
and life-style of cardiac patients. Ann
I.S.E.F.L'Aquila 3: 381-388, 1984.
443.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ROSE, A.G., BENJAMIN, J. Sudden death in a
champion athlete. Autopsy findings. S Afr
Med J 66: 458-459, 1984.
444.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ROSE, A.G. Exercise-related deaths in
subjects with coexistent hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.
S Afr Med J 66: 183-187, 1984.
445.
STRACHAN, A., NOAKES, T.D.,
KOTZENBERG, G., NEL, A.E., DE BEER, F.C.
C-reactive protein
concentrations during long distance
running. Br Med J 289: 1249-1251, 1984.
446.
PINSHAW, R., ATLAS, V., NOAKES, T.D.
The nature and response to therapy of 196
consecutive injuries seen at a Runner's
Clinic. S Afr Med J 65: 291-298, 1984.
447.
LINDENBERG, G., PINSHAW, R., NOAKES, T.D.
The aetiology and
treatment of the iliotibial band friction
syndrome in runners. A study and review of
the literature. Physcn Sportsmed 12 (May):
118-127, 1984.
448.
GLAUN, R., EGNAL, A., ALLEN, J., NOAKES,
T.D. Are high
schools adequately prepared to cope with
serious rugby injuries? S Afr Med J 66:
768-770, 1984.
449.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H., ROSE, A.G. Marathon running and
immunity to coronary atherosclerosis: Fact
vs Fiction. Clin Sports Med 3: 527-543,
1984.
450.
NOAKES, T.D.,
GILLMER, D., PITTAWAY, D. Severe
incapacitating coronary artery disease in
two veteran ultra-marathon runners. J
Cardiac Rehab 4: 238-243, 1984.
451.
NOAKES, T.D.,
HIGGINSON, L., OPIE, L.H. Physical training
increases ventricular fibrillation
thresholds of isolated rat hearts during
normoxia, hypoxia and regional ischaemia.
Circulation 67: 24-30, 1983.
452.
McARTHUR, P., NOAKES, T.D., GEVERS,
W., MILLAR, R. Studies of the metabolic
basis of fatigue during marathon and
ultra-marathon races. S Afr J Res Phys Ed
Rec 6: 49-57, 1983.
453.
NOAKES, T.D.,
KOTZENBERG, G., McARTHUR, P., DYKMAN, J.
Elevated serum creatine kinase MB and
creatine kinase BB - isoenzyme fractions
after ultra-marathon running. Europ J Appl
Physiol 52: 75-79, 1983.
454.
MORRISON, J.F., VAN MALSEN, S., NOAKES,
T.D. Evidence for an inverse
relationship between the ventilatory
response to exercise and the maximum whole
body oxygen consumption value. Europ J Appl
Physiol 50: 265-272, 1983.
455.
SCHOMER, H., NOAKES, T.D. Exercise
training after heart attack. A
psychological study. S Afr Med J 64:
473-475, 1983.
456.
NATHAN, M., GOEDEKE, R., NOAKES, T.D.
The incidence and nature of rugby injuries
experienced at one school during the 1982
rugby season. S Afr Med J 64: 132-137,
1983.
457.
NOAKES, T.D.
Orthopaedic Sport Injuries. Part I. Common
running injuries. S Afr J Cont Educ 1:
49-59, 1983.
458.
NOAKES, T.D.
The risks and benefits of jogging. A
scientific appraisal. Trans Coll Med SA 25
(Suppl): 41-58, 1982.
459.
NOAKES, T.D.
Criticisms of exercise after heart attack:
Variations on an old theme? S Afr Med J 62:
238-240, 1982.
460.
DICKSON, D.N., WILKINSON, R.L., NOAKES,
T.D. Effects of ultra-marathon training
and racing on haematological parameters and
serum ferritin levels in well-trained
athletes. Int J Sports Med 3: 111-117,
1982.
461.
NOAKES, T.D.,
CARTER, J.W. The responses of plasma
biochemical parameters to a 56-km race in
novice and experienced ultra-marathon
runners. Europ J Appl Physiol 49 : 176-186,
1982.
462.
NOAKES, T.D.,
COWLING, J.R., GEVERS, W., VAN NIEKERK, J.P.
deV. The metabolic response to squash
including the influence of pre-exercise
carbohydrate feeding. S Afr Med J 62; 1982:
721-723, 1982.
463.
KOESLAG, J.H., NOAKES, T.D., SLOAN,
A.W. The effects of alanine, glucose and
starch ingestion on the ketosis produced by
exercise and by starvation. J Physiol 325:
363-376, 1982.
464.
McKECHNIE, J.K., LEARY, W.P., NOAKES,
T.D. Metabolic responses to a 90 km
running race. S Afr Med J 61: 482-484,
1982.
465.
RESINK, T.J., GEVERS, W., NOAKES, T.D.
Effects of extracellular calcium
concentrations on Myosin P light chain
phosphorylation in hearts from running
trained rats. J Molec Cell Cardiol 13:
753-765, 1981.
466.
RESINK, T.J., GEVERS, W., NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H. Increased cardiac myosin ATPase
activity as a biochemical adaptation to
running training: Enhanced response to
catecholamines and a role for myosin
phosphorylation. J Molec Cell Cardiol 13:
679-694, 1981.
467.
NOAKES, T.D.
Sports Medicine: Case Study. S Afr Med J
58: 89-90, 1980.
468.
KOESLAG, J., NOAKES, T.D., SLOAN, A.W.
Post-exercise ketosis. J Physiol 301:
769-790, 1980.
469.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H.
Marathon running and the heart. Amer Heart
J. 98: 669-671, 1979.
470.
NOAKES, T.D.,
ROSE, A.G., OPIE, L.H. Sudden death during
marathon racing associated with hypertrophic
cardiomyopathy. Brit Heart J. 41: 624-627,
1979.
471.
McKECHNIE, J.K., LEARY, W.P., NOAKES, T.D.,
KALLMEYER, J.C. MacSEARRAIGH, E.T.M.,
OLIVIER, L.R. Acute pulmonary oedema in two
athletes during a 90 km running race. S Afr
Med J 56: 261-265, 1979.
472.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H. Heart
disease in marathon runners. Phys Sportsmed
7(11): 141-142, 1979.
473.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L.H., ROSE, A.G., KLEYNHANS, P.H.T.
Autopsy-proved coronary atherosclerosis in
marathon runners. New Engl J Med 301:
86-89, 1979.
474.
NOAKES, T.D.
Adverse cardiac effects of marathon running;
aetiology, treatment and prevention. S Afr
J Sports Med 2: 4-9, 1978.
475.
NOAKES, T.D.
Introduction to Medical Advice for Runners
by G.A. Sheehan, M.D., World Publications,
Mountain View, California, 1978.
476.
NOAKES, T.D.,
OPIE, L., BECK, W., McKECHNIE, J., BENCHIMOL,
A., DESSER, K. Coronary heart disease in
marathon runners. Ann NY Acad Sci. 301:
593-619, 1977.
477.
NOAKES, T.D.
and OPIE, L.H. Cardiovascular risks and
benefits of exercise. The Practitioner 216:
288-296, 1976.
478.
NOAKES, T.D.,
CARTER, J.W. Biochemical parameters in
athletes before and after having run 160
km. S Afr Med J 50: 1562-1566, 1976.
479.
NOAKES, T.D.
Exercise physiology. S Afr Med J 50: 59-60,
1976.
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